Abnormal Psych Lecture 3

Front 1

Causes & Risk Factors- etiology

Back 1

the casual pattern of abnormal behavoir

Front 2

neccesary cause

Back 2

must exist in order for a disorder to occur

Front 3

sufficient cause

Back 3

guarentees the presence of a disorder

Front 4

contributory cause

Back 4

increased the probability of the occurrence of a
disorder

Front 5

risk factor

Back 5

a variable that is correlated with an abnormal
outcome

Front 6

distal causal factor

Back 6

Occurs early in life and shows effects later in life, may
predispose one to developing the disorder

Front 7

proximal causal factor

Back 7

Occurs shortly before the onset of the disorder

Front 8

reinforcing contributory cause

Back 8

Maintains maladaptive behavior that is already
occurring

Front 9

diathesis

Back 9

something that predisposes one to develop a disorder

Front 10

stress

Back 10

the trigger of the disorder

Front 11

additive model

Back 11

Individuals with a high diathesis need
less stress to trigger the disorder than those low in
diathesis

Front 12

interactive

Back 12

one must have at least some
diathesis to be at risk, but the higher the diathesis
the more likely the disorder given a stressor

Front 13

protective factors

Back 13

modify ones risk for mental disorders

Front 14

resilience

Back 14

the ability to adapt succesfully even in very difficult circumstances

Front 15

Biopsychosocial perspective

Back 15

MULTIFACTED causes of mental illness-bilogical,psychological, and socicultural

Front 16

Biological perspective

Back 16

views mental disorders as diseases.

Front 17

The belief that problems with ____________
result in abnormal behavior is the basis____________

Back 17

-neurotransmitters
-what biologists believe today

Front 18

Genotype

Back 18

your actual set of genes

Front 19

Phenotype

Back 19

the way your genes are expressed-structural and functional characteristics

Front 20

temperament

Back 20

A child’s reactivity and characteristic ways of
self-regulation
-at about 2-3 months 5 dimensions are identified

Front 21

Frued & The Psychodynamic Theory

Back 21

ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
id-your drives, instincts
ego-mediates id form superego
superego-the conscience, internalized moral values of society

Front 22

Freud & Psychosexual Stages of Development

Back 22

– Oral stage: birth to age 2
– Anal stage: ages 2 to 3
– Phallic stage: age 3 to 5 or 6
– Latency period: age 6 to 12
– Genital stage: post-puberty

one must achieve appropriate graitification at each stage

Front 23

Psychodynamic- Oedipus

Back 23

young boys sexually desire their mothers-->fear of castration-->repress feelings--->identify with father-->channel sexual desire toward other women

Front 24

Psychodynamic- Electra Complex

Back 24

young girls desire to possess fathers heart--->penis envy (wish they were like dad or bro) ----> identify with mom------> realize someday they will have men that can give them babies (penis substitution)

Front 25

operant conditioning

Back 25

– Positive reinforcement
• Treating yourself to ice cream for reading your
assigned chapter for class
– Negative reinforcement
• Taking an aspirin to make a headache go away
– Positive punishment
• Spanking a child when he talks back
– Negative punishment
• Taking away a child’s toy when he talks back

Front 26

schemas

Back 26

Provide information about ourselves and the
world around us, act as guides for how to
behavior and interpret the behavior of others

Front 27

– When we encounter new information that
does not fit in one of our schemas we have
two options:

Back 27

Assimilation: change the information so that it fits
(easier)
• Accommodation: change our schema so that it fits
(harder – admits flaws in our schema)