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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What disorders does behavioral therapy treat? |
Phobias, Panic Disorder, OCD |
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What treatment techniques are used to treat phobias? |
systematic desensitization, in-vivo exposure, flooding |
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What are the steps of systematic desensitization? |
1. substitute a response 2. make hierarchy of anxiety-producing situations 3. Relax (engage in progressive relaxation) while imagining situation 4. Work through hierarchy |
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What is the first step of systematic desensitization? Explain. |
substitute a response.
use progressive relaxation because it is incompatible with anxiety. Tense and release. |
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What is the second step of systematic desensitization? Explain. |
Make hierarchy of anxiety-producing situations - least to most
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What is the third step of systematic desensitization? Explain. |
Relax. Engage in progressive relaxation while IMAGINING situation |
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What is the fourth step of systematic desensitization? Explain. |
Work through hierarchy. - move up when each level is completed without anxiety - can't move up unless there's a normal response - can take 12-16 sessions |
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In-Vivo Exposure |
like systematic desensitization, but you EXPERIENCE THE SITUATION IN REAL LIFE, instead of picturing it. Can't always do this, like with shark phobias |
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Flooding |
- when we don't have enough time for in-vivo - exposed to most-feared object for extended amount of time - patient is not allowed to escape and may experience panic - if you escape, its equal to operant conditioning which maintains phobia - rare because patients don't always agree but highly effective - relapse rates lower with cog-beh therapy than with meds |
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How to treat panic disorder behavioral-style |
panic control treatment |
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what is panic control treatment |
exposure to one's own physical Sx of panic attack
ex: make someone dizzy
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How do you treat OCD behavioral-style? |
exposure and response prevention |
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Explain the first part of OCD behavioral treatment. |
exposure: exposed to anxiety-provoking object/thought/situation |
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Explain the second part of OCD behavioral treatment. |
response prevention: not allowed to make anxiety-producing response (compulsion or compulsive behavior) |
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What compulsions did Mary have? What obsessive thoughts? Why? |
- touching and ordering compulsions, everything is about "the left"...make mother safe and make her look good to/please god - obsessive thoughts about mother dying...due to friends' mothers' death
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How did they treat Mary? |
Desensitization: exposed to things that remind her of death Exposure & Response Prevention Flooding: exposed to most feared stimulus |
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What are the two steps to cognitive treatment? |
identify and retrain thinking |
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Explain the first step to cognitive treatment |
1. Identify automatic negative thoughts - Catastrophizing: --- Ask: What is it I think will happen? Fear future consequences --- default/non-conscious thinking --- everything is about the future |
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Explain the second step to cognitive treatment |
2. Retrain thinking a. ask: what is the worst case scenario? b. ask: likelihood of it coming true/happening |
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What three questions are asked in cognitive therapy? |
What is it I think will happen? What is the worst case scenario? What is the likelihood of it coming true? |
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CBT |
Cognitive behavioral therapy, very effective |
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What are the three components of biological treatment? |
antidepressants, anxiolytics, surgeru |
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What do antidepressants do? |
- quiet the limbic system - increase availability of serotonin |
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What are the two types of antidepressants? What do they do? What are examples of these? |
SSRI: - serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors - block the reuptake of serotonin & make it available for reuse - zoloft, prozac, paxil, celexa SNRI: - serotonin nonrepinephrine reuptake inhibitors - block the reuptake of serotonin and nonrep. and make it available for reuse - lexapro, effexor |
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What are anti-anxiety drugs called? What are the two types? |
anxiolytics - buspirone (buspar) - benzodiazepines |
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Buspirone (buspar) |
1. for gad 2. helpful for gad because - not sedative - not addictive |
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Benzodiazepines |
1. for severe anxiety & panic disorder - ex: xanax, valium 2. take as needed, acts quickly (30min-1hr) - addictive, can build tolerance, have withdrawals |
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Surgery |
Cingulotomy: for severe ocd - creates a lesion between area that connects limbic system and frontal lobes (controls reasoning) |
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Best results |
combination cognitive behavioral therapy (LEARN SKILLS) + medication (TREAT/PREVENT) |
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munchausen's |
- factitious disorder (means someone lies) - purposely make self or someone sick for attention, sympathy, specifically from medical professionals - by proxy, by internet - lack of emotion is a sign - narcissists don't feel others' emotions, but feel their own
to find out if this is happening, separate child from parent
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Mood disorders: two distinctions with the two types of these distinctions |
a. depression 1. major depressive disorder: 2 weeks 2. dysthemic disorder: 2 years b. mania/depression (bipolar) 1. bipolar disorder: manic for 1 week 2. cyclothymic disorder: 2 years |
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Major Depressive Episode
1. Sx must be present for same ____ and represent a change from previous functioning
2. a. b. |
2 week period
at least 1 of the Sx is either: a. depressed mood b. loss of interest or pleasure |
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Major depressive episode
3. ____ of the following: (name this many) |
5+ of the following: - depressed mood most of the day, everyday (subjective report/observation of others) - diminished interest or pleasure in all activities - weight loss or gain or appetite change - insomnia (can't fall asleep) or hypersomnia (can't stay asleep) - psychomotor agitation (can't stop moving) or retardation (respond more slowly than before) - fatigue or loss of energy - feelings of worthlessness or guilt - can't think or concentrate, indecisiveness - thoughts of death or suicidal ideation |
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Suicidal thoughts |
- not the same as fear of death - sx doctors worry about the most - person may be relieved to talk about this, but drs are afraid to ask bc don't want to give ideas - need to ask if HAD THESE, HAVE ATTEMPTED, OR HAVE PLAN |
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Major Depressive Episode 4-6 |
4. Sx cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning 5. Sx not due to direct effects of substance use or general medical condition 6. Sx not better accounted for by bereavement (after loss, sx persist for longer than 2 months, with marked impairment) - takes 1 year to grieve |
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Major Depressive Disorder 1. a. b. - 2. 3. |
1. Episodic a. Sx present then clear up b. Episodes (tend to last 5+ months? I thought 2 weeks) tend to reccur -recurrance: 50% have second, 70% have third 2. can't have manic/hypomanic episode 3. Clinical depression meets DSM criteria |
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Subclinical depression |
for insurance coverage if you don't yet meet DSM criteria for MDD - less than 5 sx - less than 2 weeks long |
