A+ Guide To Managing And Maintaining Your Pc

Front 1

What refers to the computer's physical components, such as a monitor, keyboard, memory chips and hard drive?

Back 1

hardware

Front 2

What refers to the set of instructions that directs the hardware to occomplish a task?

Back 2

software

Front 3

What are four basic functions for performing a computing task that software uses hardware?

Back 3

input, processing, output, and storage

Front 4

All communication, storage, and processing of data inside a computer are in what form?

Back 4

binary

Front 5

In 1940s, John Atanasoff came up with the brilliant idea to store and read only two values, on and off. these two states is called binary. Using two digits, 0 and 1, is called?

Back 5

binary number system

Front 6

Grouping in 8 bits is called a _______.

Back 6

byte

Front 7

A Central Processing unit is also called microprocessor or processor. It is the most important chip in the computer.

Back 7

CPU

Front 8

Hardware device requires these elements to operate:

Back 8

A method for the CPU to communicate with the device, Software to instruct and control the device and Electricity to power the device.

Front 9

Most input/output devices reside outside the computer case. These devices communicate with components inside the computer case through a wireless connect or through cables attached to the case at a connection called what?

Back 9

port

Front 10

A primary input device that holds a standard of 102 keys is _________.

Back 10

keyboard

Front 11

Two most popular input devices are?

Back 11

keyboard and mouse

Front 12

What is a pointing device used to move a pointer on the screen and to make sections?

Back 12

mouse

Front 13

A _________ is the visual device that displays the primary output of the computer.

Back 13

monitor

Front 14

When manufactures typically rate a monitor, it is done according to?

Back 14

The size of screen in inches and by the monitors resolution, which is the number of dots on the screen used for display.

Front 15

A printer is a output device which produces output on paper, often called a ____________.

Back 15

hard copy

Front 16

Most storage and all processing of data and instructions are done inside the computer case. List some of these items?

Back 16

Motherboard containg the CPU, memory and other components. A floppy drive,hard drive, and CD-Rom drive used for permanent storage. A power supply with power cords supplying electricity to all devices insid the case. Circuit boards used ty the CPU to communicate with devices inside and outside the case. Cables connecting devices to circuit boards and mother board.

Front 17

A board that holds microchips, or integrated circuits (ICs) and the circuitry that connects these chips is called?

Back 17

Circuit board

Front 18

All circuit boards contain microchips, which are most often manufactured using _________ technology.

Back 18

CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor)

Front 19

TTL stands for?

Back 19

A earlier technology called transistor transistor logic (produce less heat)

Front 20

Some circuit boards are called ________ _______and are installed in long narrow _______ _______ on the motherboard.

Back 20

expansion cards into expansion slots

Front 21

Devices that the CPU communicates with that are not directly on the motherboard are called?

Back 21

peripheral devices

Front 22

Two types of cables that are inside the case are:

Back 22

data cables, power cables

Front 23

What is the most important circuit board in the computer which contains CPU the component where most processing takes place?

Back 23

motherboard also called main board or system board.

Front 24

All devices must communicate with the CPU on the motherboard. Is this true or false

Back 24

true

Front 25

What is the port that transfers serially (one bit followed by the next)It is often used for external modem or serial mouse?

Back 25

serial port

Front 26

What is the port used mostly by printers that transmits data in parallel?

Back 26

Parallel port

Front 27

There is a newer port used by many different devices such as keyboards, printers, scanners, and mice. What is it?

Back 27

USB (universal serial bus) port

Front 28

True or False? A mother board provides ports for common I/O devices.

Back 28

True

Front 29

What are components primarily for processing?

Back 29

Central processing unit (CPU), the computers most important chip and Chip set that supports the CPU by controlling many motherboard activities.

Front 30

Electrical system encludes:

Back 30

Power supply connections to provide electricity to the motherboard and expansion cards.

Front 31

Types of programming and setup data stored on the motherboard:

Back 31

Flash ROM, a memory chip used to permanently store instructions that control basic hardware functions. CMOS setup chip that holds configuration data.

Front 32

What is a group of microchips on the motherboard that control the flow of data and instructions to and from the CPU, providing careful timing of activities?

Back 32

chip set

Front 33

Some most common personal computer (PCs)referred to as IBM-compatible. These are built around microprocessors and chipsets manufactured by who?

Back 33

Intel, AMD, VIA, SiS, Cyrix and others. The Macintosh by Apple Computer, Inc

Front 34

There are two kinds of storage: temporary and permanent. The Temporary storage, called ____________or ________, to hold both data and instructions temporarily while it is processing them. Permanent storage is called ___________,such as floppy disk, CD, and hard drive.

Back 34

primary storage or memory.
secondary storage.

Front 35

A device called memory which stands for random access memory provides primary storage.

Back 35

RAM

Front 36

Common types of boards that hold memory are _____ , _____, and _______.

Back 36

SIMMS-single inline memory module, DIMM-dual inline memory modules, and RIMMS-memory modules manufactured by Rambus.
(remember: 184-pin RIMM, 168-pin DIMM, 72 pin and 30-pin SIMM.)

Front 37

Memory that is called volatile because it is _________ in nature. (RAM)

Back 37

temporary

Front 38

In ROM (read-only memory) this is what type of memory considered permanent even when the power is off?

Back 38

nonvolatile

Front 39

In Windows XP,how would you see the type of memory and version of windows your using?

Back 39

Click on My Computer, and then select Properties from the short cut menu.

Front 40

RAM is called primary storage. Primary storage temporarily hold both data and instructions as the CPU processes data. But they can be stored permanently on devices considered as secondary storage. Name some of thes devices.

Back 40

hard disks, floppy disks, Zip drives, CD-ROMs and DVDs
(don't forget when you turn off Computer RAM, primary memory goes away)

Front 41

As the platters rotate, an arm with a sensitive read/write head reaches across the platters, both writing new data to them and reading existing data from them. Most hard drives today use a technology called:____________.

Back 41

EIDE (Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics which originated from IDE technology.

Front 42

IDE provides two connectors on mother board for two data cables. Each IDE has a connection at the other end for an IDE device and connection in the middle of cable for a second IDE device. How many drives can be accommodated on a motherboard and one IDE cable?

Back 42

4 on motherboard and 2 per cable.

Front 43

How many pins are there on a IDE cable?

Back 43

40-pins

Front 44

Floppy drives come in two sizes 3 1/2 and 5 1/4. Does this mean the 5 1/4 holds more data?

Back 44

No, the newer 3 1/2 inch disks use more advanced technology and actually holds more data.

Front 45

A floppy drive cable can accommodate two drives, A & B. How would I know what connector end to attach to Drive A?

Back 45

The twist in the cable indicates where A should be attached.
(remember floppys are not as popular since newer devices such as CD's and Zip disk have come out that holds more data)

Front 46

What does CD-ROM stand for?

Back 46

compact disc read only memory,and is considered secondary storage because what is stored on the CD stays on it even when the Computer is turned off.

Front 47

What is the chip that can hold configuration or setup information about the computer.

Back 47

CMOS configuration chip or CMOS setup chip is responsible for remembering system information such as how memory is allocated and which hard drives and floppy drives are present.

Front 48

The CMOS chip is considered _____ _____ _______ , when the computer is turned off, the chip retains its data. A small battery helps it retain the data.

Back 48

RAM, temporary memory

Front 49

A motherboard can also retain setup or installation information in different setting of _____ or DIP switches on the board.

Back 49

Jumpers

Front 50

_______are considered open or closed based on whether a jumper cover is present on two small wires that extend from the motherboard.

Back 50

Jumpers

Front 51

A switch that is similar to a light switch and is on or off depending on the direction in which the small switch is set is called?

Back 51

DIP (dual inline package)switch.

Front 52

When you look at a motherboard, you see many fine lines on both the top and the bottom of the boards surface. These lines are sometimes called _______.

Back 52

traces, are circuits, or paths that enable data, instructions, and power to move from component to component on the board.

Front 53

Pathways used for communication and the protocol and methods used for transmission are collectively called the ______.

Back 53

bus, (a protocol is set of rules or standards that any two entities use for communications.

Front 54

The paths, or lines, of the bus that are used to move data, called the ____ _____ are the part of the bus that we are most familiar with.

Back 54

data bus,

Front 55

True or False. Binary data is put on a line of a bus by placing voltage on the line.

Back 55

True

Front 56

The CPU or other devices interpret the voltage, or lack of voltage, on each line on the bus as binary digits (0's or 1s). Some pusses have data paths that are __,__,__, or __ bits. For example 8 wires or lines to transmit data is called an 8-bit bus.

Back 56

8,16,32,64

Front 57

A shorthand way that the computer displays long binary numbers, making them easier for human beings to read and understand is displayed multiples of 2 and 16 numerals: 0-9,A-F

Back 57

Hexidecimal notation, or hex

Front 58

What are components that allow the CPU to communicate with other devices?

Back 58

Traces, or wires, on the motherboard used for communication. Expansion slots to connect expansion cards to the motherboard. The system clock that keeps communication in sync.

Front 59

a device sealed in case containing platters or disks that rotate at high speed is called _________.

Back 59

hard drive

Front 60

Most bus have a _______ bit for error checking.

Back 60

ninth

Front 61

The width of a bus is called the _____ _____ ______.

Back 61

data path size.

Front 62

The main bus on the motherboard that communicates with the CPU, memory, and the chip set goes by several names: What are they?

Back 62

system bus, memory bus, host bus, front bus, or external bus.

Front 63

Most system bus on todays motherboards are ______ bits wide.

Back 63

64 bits

Front 64

One of the most interesting lines, or circuits, on a bus is the _____ ______.

Back 64

system clock or system timer which is dedicated to timing the activities of the chips on the motherboard. (crystal on the motherboard)

Front 65

The beats that called clock speed are measure in _____, which is one cycle per second: _____ which is one million cycles per second ; and ____ which is one billion cycles per second.

Back 65

hertz (Hz),megahertz (MHz) and gigahertz(GHz)
(remember most mother board buses today operate at 100 MHz,133 MHz, 200 MHz,and 400 MHz.

Front 66

Speed implies continuous flow, while the term frequency implies ______ or _____ flow; on and off.

Back 66

digital or binary

Front 67

What are three types of expansion slots/bus and what are they for?

Back 67

PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) expansion slot used for hight speed input/output devices. AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) expansion slot used for a video card. ISA (Industry Standard Architecture)expansion slot used by older and /or slower devices.

Front 68

Circuit boards other than the motherboard inside the computer are sometimes called circuit cards, adapter boards, expansion cards, interface cards, or simply _________ and are mounted in expansion slots on the motherboard.

Back 68

cards

Front 69

A ___ ____ provides a port for the monitor. _____ ______ provides ports for speakers and microphones. _____ _____ provides a port for a network cable to connect the PC to a network. And the _____ ____ provides ports for phone lines.

Back 69

video card, sound card, network card, modem card

Front 70

What is the most important component of the computer's electrical system that is located in rear of case. It does not actually generate electricity but converts and reduces it to a voltage that the computer can handle. (receives 110-120 volts of AC power from wall and converts to 5 or 12 volts (old) and now 3.3,5, and 12 volts DC

Back 70

Power supply
(remember temperatures over 185 degrees Fahrenheit (85 degrees Celsius) can cause components to fail.

Front 71

True or False. Each bus has wires or lines ,designated to carry voltage to power expansion cards

Back 71

True

Front 72

True or False. Basic instructions and data are not stored on the motherboard.

Back 72

False, pg 31 they are. These data and instructions are stored on a special ROM (read only memory) chips on the motherboard by setting physical switches on the board and through using CMOS configuration chips.

Front 73

What is a program?

Back 73

A program is a file on disk containing a set of instructions. Stored today but can be erased tomorrow.

Front 74

Firmware is software actually part of the hardware and is not easily changed. In this case, hardware and software are closely tied together, and some people even give such _____ components a new name Firmware.

Back 74

hybrid

Front 75

What does BIOS stand for?

Back 75

Basic input/output system chips that tell the CPU how to perform many fundamental input/output tasks, and they are therefore sometimes called ROM BIOS chip on a video card.

Front 76

What type of Memory is 0 to 640K and 0 to A0000?

Back 76

Conventional or base memory

Front 77

What type of memory is 640K to 1024K and A0000 to FFFFF?

Back 77

Upper memory (A through F range

Front 78

What type of memory has Above 1024K using Hex 100000 and up?

Back 78

Extended Memory

Front 79

What is a IRQ?

Back 79

A system resource, a line of a motherboard bus that a hardware device can use to signal the CPU that the device needs attention. Some lines have a higher priority for attention than others. Each IRQ line is assigned a number (0-15) to identify it.

Front 80

What system resource that numbers are assigned to hardware devices that software uses to send a command to a device. Each device "listens" for these numbers and responds to the ones assigned to it.

Back 80

I/O addresses

Front 81

Another system resource that numbers assigned to physical memory located either in RAM or ROM chips. Software can access this memory by using these addresses.

Back 81

Memory addresses

Front 82

A number designating a channel on which the device can pass data to memory without involving the CPU. Think of a __ __ __ channel as a shortcut for data moving to and from a device in memory.

Back 82

DMA (direct memory access)

Front 83

What IRQ is System timer on (0040-005F is the I/O address)?

Back 83

0

Front 84

What device is on IRQ 1 and I/O address of 0060-006F?

Back 84

Keyboard controller

Front 85

A IRQ: Access to IRQs above 7 and I/O address of 00A0-00AF is?

Back 85

2

Front 86

COM 1 and COM 3 are found on this IRQ and I/O address of 03F8-03FF and 03E8-03EF

Back 86

4

Front 87

COM2 and COM4 are found on this IRQ and I/O address of 02F8-02FF and 02E8-02EF?

Back 87

3

Front 88

The Sound Card or parallel port LPT2 is on this IRQ and I/O address of 0278-027F?

Back 88

5

Front 89

In I/O address 03F0-037F The Floppy is on IRQ _____.

Back 89

6

Front 90

I/O address 0378-037F The printer parallel port LPT1 is located on what IRQ?

Back 90

7

Front 91

On I/O address 0070-007F The real-time clock is on what IRQ?

Back 91

8

Front 92

What IRQs are available?

Back 92

9-10

Front 93

The SCSI or available is on what IRQ?

Back 93

11

Front 94

The Motherboard mouse is on I/O address 0238-023F and what IRQ?

Back 94

12

Front 95

The math copprocessor is on 00F8-00FF and what IRQ?

Back 95

13

Front 96

The Primary IDE hard drive is on I/O address 01F0-01F7 and what IRQ?

Back 96

14

Front 97

The second IDE hard drive or available is located on 0170-0170 I/O address and what IRQ?

Back 97

15

Front 98

A ROM chip that can be reprogrammed or can be overwritten is called ______.

Back 98

Flash ROM

Front 99

A chip inside the computer that performs most of the actual data processing is?

Back 99

CPU, microprocessor

Front 100

What component is used for temporary storage?

Back 100

Random acess memory (RAM) used to hold data and instructions as they are processed.

Front 101

The most popular coding scheme for letters and characters is _________.

Back 101

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

Front 102

The motherboard receives its power from the power supply by the way of one or two connections located near the edge of the board. What are there names and for what mother board?

Back 102

P8 and P9 for AT or older boards. P1 for newer motherboards.