A+ Certification

Front 1

POST Beep Codes

1 short beep

Back 1

No problems found

Front 2

POST Beep Codes

3 long beeps

Back 2

Keyboard error

Front 3

POST Beep Codes

8 short beeps

Back 3

Video adapter memory problems

Front 4

POST Beep Codes

9 short beeps

Back 4

BIOS problem

Front 5

POST Beep Codes

1 long + 3 short beeps

Back 5

Memory error

Front 6

IBM numeric POST code

151

Back 6

Real time clock failure

Front 7

IBM numeric POST code

161

Back 7

bad CMOS battery

Front 8

IBM numeric POST code

162

Back 8

configuration mismatch

Front 9

IBM numeric POST code

164

Back 9

memory size mismatch

Front 10

IBM numeric POST code

20#

Back 10

Memory failure

Front 11

Nibble

Back 11

4 bits

Front 12

grey area between hardware and software

Back 12

firmware

Front 13

Area of memory that stores BIOS configuration information

Back 13

BIOS

Front 14

BIOS, type of computer chip

Back 14

complementary metal oxide semiconductor

Front 15

How to recover from a failed BIOS upgrade

Back 15

*Use BIOS backup to restore previous version
*Use “boot block”
*Use flash recovery jumper switch
*Obtain new BIOS chip

Front 16

Steps in the POST process

Back 16

1 BIOS tests core hardware
2 BIOS tests video subsystem
3 BIOS identifies itself, including its:
-Version
-Manufacturer
-Date
4 BIOS tests main system memory

Front 17

Boot process

Back 17

1 You turn on the power
2 Timer chip sends reset signals to CPU to prevent booting
3 Power supply performs internal checks; sends Power_Good signal to CPU
4 Timer stops sending reset signals to CPU
5 CPU loads BIOS and BIOS extensions
6 BIOS checks whether this is a cold or warm boot

7 If cold boot, BIOS performs POST
8 BIOS reads CMOS and configures devices
9 Plug and Play devices detected and configured
10 BIOS determines which drive to boot from
11 BIOS reads the master boot record from drive
12 OS takes over and completes the boot process

Front 18

Is quality of RAM important?

Back 18

yes

Front 19

Memory cells store

Back 19

single bit of data

0 or 1

Front 20

Erasable programmable read-only memory

Back 20

EPROM

Front 21

CMOS

Back 21

Complementary metal oxide semiconductor

Front 22

CMOS volatile or non-volatile memory

Back 22

Volatile

Front 23

EEPROM volatile or non-volatile memory

Back 23

non-volatile

Front 24

RAM volatile or non-volatile memory

Back 24

volatile

Front 25

Memory that must be continually refreshed

Back 25

DRAM

Front 26

Memory that doesn't need refreshing

Back 26

SRAM

Front 27

Asynchronous

Back 27

* Not synchronized to system clock
* Consistent time to access and read data

Front 28

Synchronous

Back 28

* Synchronized to system clock
* Accesses data and returns in one or more clock cycles

Front 29

Synchronous DRAM

Back 29

SDRAM

Interleaving permits overlapped requests

Front 30

DRDRAM

Back 30

Direct Rambus DRAM

16-bit memory bus and two transfers per clock cycle

Front 31

DDR2

Back 31

Double Data Rate 2

Transfers data at a rate of 800–1600 MHz

Front 32

DDR

Back 32

Double transfer rate of SDRAM with two transfers per clock cycle

Double Data Rate

Front 33

Desktop memory package types

Back 33

SIMM 30-pin
SIMM 72-pin
DIMM 100-pin
DIMM 168-pin
DIMM 184-pin
DIMM 240-pin
DDR2
DDR3
RIMM 184-pin

Front 34

Laptop memory package types

Back 34

MICRODIMM 144-pin
SODIMM 144-pin
SODIMM 200-pin
DDR
DDR2
SODIMM 204-pin

Front 35

Memory parity is to

Back 35

detect an error

Front 36

Memory ecc is to

Back 36

detect and correct an error

Front 37

Address and data buses enable:

Back 37

* Basic CPU operation
* Interactions with memory

Front 38

Interrupts

Back 38

Signal CPU that attention is needed

Front 39

Inefficient alternative to interrupts

Back 39

Polling

Front 40

IRQ 1

Back 40

Keyboard

Front 41

COM 1 IRQ

Back 41

IRQ 4

Front 42

Floppy IRQ

Back 42

IRQ 6

Front 43

IRQ12

Back 43

PS/2 mouse

Front 44

IRQ14

Back 44

Primary IDE hard drive

Front 45

Windows device manager yellow exclamation mark

Back 45

malfunctioning device

Front 46

Windows device manager red x

Back 46

disabled device

Front 47

Vista Windows boot configuration data file is missing

Back 47

bootrec /rebuildbcd

Front 48

system restore command line

Back 48

%systemroot%\system32\restore\rstrui.exe

Front 49

A+ six step troubleshooting

Back 49

1 Identify the problem
2 Establish a theory
3. Test the theory to determine the cause
4. Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and implement the solution
5. Verify full system functionality and implement preventive measures.
6. Document

Front 50

tool to convert fat32 to NTFS

Back 50

convert

Front 51

command line tool for managing partitions (volumes)

Back 51

diskpart

Front 52

command line tool to copy files from cd/dvd to hard drive

Back 52

expand

Front 53

vista cl tool for fixing boot issues

Back 53

bootrec /fixboot, /fixmbr, /rebuildbcd, /ScanOs

Front 54

XP cl tools for fixing boot issues

Back 54

fixmbr, fixboot

Front 55

# of pins on DDR2

Back 55

240

Front 56

# of pins on SDRAM

Back 56

168

Front 57

# of pins on SODIM

Back 57

200

Front 58

# of pins on DDR

Back 58

184

Front 59

memory that doesn't need refreshed

Back 59

SRAM

Front 60

Which is faster SRAM or DRAM

Back 60

SRAM

Front 61

Which is usually soldered on SRAM or DRAM

Back 61

SRAM

Front 62

Type of memory that requires refreshing

Back 62

DRAM

Front 63

Memory synced to clock

Back 63

SDRAM

Front 64

SDRAM speeds

Back 64

66, 100, 133