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434 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tissue is composed of cells of _____ structute and usually of common______ origin
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similar, embryonic
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The 4 basic tissue types are epithelium, _______, muscle, and nervous.
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connective
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The functions of epithelium are covering, lining, ______, and secreting.
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protecting
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In ______ epithelium there is one layer of cells that all sit on the _______ membrane.
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simple, basement
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Characterisitcs of epithelium are: avascular, associated with little or no ______ _______ tissue.
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intecellular connective
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Epithelium is specialized for : _______, secretion, protection, and ______activities.
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absorption, sensory
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There are ___ types of epithelium: simple squamous, ______ ______, simple columnar, _______ squamous, stratified ______, psuedostatified, and transitional.
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7, simple cuboidal, stratfied, cuboidal,
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Simple squamous is noted for very _____ cells. and ____ layer of cells on the basement membrane
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FLAT, ONE
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Simple cuboidal cells are ___ than squamous cells and all four sides are approximately ____.
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taller, equal
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Single cuboidal cells are a single layer of square or _____ cellls. Distored due to ______. Look for same width and height.
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round, pressure
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Simple cuboidal has a ____ layer of taller than _____ cells on the basement membrane.
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single, squamous
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Columnar cells have a cell ____ greater than cell width.
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length
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Simple cuboidal cells are found in the kidney _______.
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tubules
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Stratified squamous always have ____ or more nuclei and always ____ layers.
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2 many
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____ layer equals absorption or secretion. _____ layers = protection.
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One, More than one
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In stratified squamous or cuboidal several cells are ____ upon one another. Not all touch the ______ membrane.
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stacked, basement
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Psuedostratified give the illusion of ______ because all of the last cells do ____ on the ____ membrane, but the ____ are at different levels.
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stratifed, sit, basement, nuclei
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Psuedostratified all of the last cells sit on basement membrane but the rest are ____ and may not reach the ___.
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layered
surface |
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Psuedostratifed cells contain goblet cells which store and ___ mucous, and are _____.
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secrete
unicellular |
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Goblet cells are a feature of ____ and psuedostratifed epithelium.
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columar
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If you have a gland, and there is epithelial tissue is it usually _______.
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cuboidal
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Simple or Psuedostratifed epithelium is located in the ______ tract because it secrets and propels mucous.
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respiratory
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In the stratifed squamous or cuboidal, only the deepest layer is attached to the _______ membrane.
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basement
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Microvilli, which are present in simple and psuedostratified columnar, create a large surface area for _________.
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absorption
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Transitional epithelium contain cells that look flat, round or ____, and ______.
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square, elongated.
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The surface layer of transitional looks like squamous, except ______ , not flattened, and _____ at the surface.
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rounded, bulging
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Transitional epithelium is located in the kidney, ureter, ------------ ---------, and urethra.
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urinary bladder
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In trasitional epithelium, cells differ in shape from basement to surface to _____ like in urinary bladder.
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stretch
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Psuedostratified columnar have nuclei at _____ levels.
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various
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Exocrine glands always have ducts or _____ attached.
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tubes
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Ducts secrete: mucus, sweat, ____, wax, and _____.
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oil and enzymes
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A duct can also be compared to a passageway or _______.
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channel
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Epithelia is located at the _____ of body or organ.
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surface
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The epithelium forms ______.
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membranes
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The skin or ______ membrane is the largest membrane of the body.
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cutaneous
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______ membranes are always in contact with the exterior.
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Mucous
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Epithelium can be keratinized or nonkeratinized. Keratin is a protein that relates to _______.
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waterproofing
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Mucous membrane is composed of _______, areolar connective tissue (lamina propria), and Muscularis Mucosa,.
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epithelium
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Mucous membrane has protective, ________, and secretory functions.
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absorptive
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Serous membranes are ___ in contact with the exterior. It secretes _____ serous fluid.
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watery
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The serous fluid lines the thoraic and ______ cavities.
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abdominal
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There are two types of serous membrane: Parietal lines _____ ______. and Visceral covers ______.
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cavity walls
organs |
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The viscera are the _____ prgans.
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internal
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The synovial membrane lines _____, such as the knee, elbow etc,, and secretes _______ fluid.
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joints
synovial |
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The simple squamous epithelia forms ______ and the stratified squamous epithelia the skin.
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membranes
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The serous membrane is compsed of the simple squamous epithelium and the ______ connective tissue.
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areolar
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The parietal lines cavity ____ and the visceral covers ____-.
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walls
organs |
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There are types of serous membranes: The ____ lines the lungs. The ______ lines the ____ endothelium. The ____ lines the abdominal wall and organs.
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pleura
Pericardium Peritoneum |
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Connective tissue has a matrix, composed of ground substance and _____.
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fibers
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Immature cells end in ____ and mature cells end in ____
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blast
cyte |
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connective tissue is the most _____ tissue
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abundant
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Connective tissue is usually ______
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vascular
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In areolar tissue the fibroblasts are ____ which have nuclei
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cells
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The andipose contains _____ ____ and the black dots are nuclei. Functions energy storage, _______ and protection.
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blood vessels
protection |
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Elastic cartilage has thread like elastic ____ and chrondrocytes. Epiglottis and external ear
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fibers
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_____cartilage is clearer and glassy. Invisible collagen fibers. Fetal development, trachea, ear, and nose.
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Hyaline
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Fibrocartilage cushion between the ribs and pubic bones. ______is the eyeball and white around the lacunae.
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Chrondrocyte
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Dense regular fibers occupy more ____ than cells
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space
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Loose types of connective tissue include ______, andipose, and reticular.
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areolar
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Dense connective tissue includes regular, irregular, and ______.
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elastic
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Cartilage includes hyaline, _____, and elastic.
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fibrocartilage
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Bone cartilage includes ______.
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osteons
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Ethyrocytes are red blood cells and _____ are white blood cells.
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leukocytes
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In osseous tissue, the cells are called osteons. The ______ ______ is the dot in the center.
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central canal.
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In osseous tissue, the concentric circles around the central canal are the _______.
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llamellae
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In osseous tissue, the dots in the concentric lamellae are called ______ and they contain ostrocytes.
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lacunae
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Reticular cartilage contains ______ fibers and leukocytes (the dots).
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reticular
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Mast cells produce ______. They dilate small blood vessels in response to injury or infection.
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histamine
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Macrophages are common in all _____ tissues.
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connective
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Macrophages engulf bacteria and cellular debri to ____ ___.
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clean up
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Macrophages develop from monocytes (WBC) and are ______ in shape.
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irregular
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Macrophages wander and gather at sites of ____ or _____.
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infection or inflammation
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A system consists of different rlated organs and _____ working together
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tissues
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The integumentary system includes the skin or cutaneous membrane, and accesory structures such as hair, nails, _____, muscles, and _______.
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glands and nerves
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The epidermis contains ___ layers and its principal tissue is _______ ________.
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5, strafified sqamous
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The dermis is composed of ______ _______ and has ____ layers.
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connective tissue
2 |
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Skin rests on the hypodermis, a subcutaneous tissue below the skin and not a component of ____.
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skin
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The principle tissue of the dermis is _______ tissue and the dermis has 2 layers.
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connective
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The epidermis contains 5 layers: the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, and _______ ______,
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Stratum Basale
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The stratum corneum contains about 30 layers of dead, scaly, ______ cells and the surface area flakes off or _____.
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keratinized
exfoliates |
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The stratum lucidum is a thin translucent zone seen only in ______ _______.
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thick skin
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Keratinocytes are packed with eleidin, a precursor to _____.
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keratin
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In the statum lucidum, the cells lack _________.
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orgaaelles
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Examples of the stratum lucidum are the ______ and soles of the feet.
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palms
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The stratum granulosum contains ____________ layers of flat keratohyalin granules.
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2 to 5
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The stratum granulosum produce _______ vessicles that release a glycolipid by exocytosis to ______ the skin.
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lipid-filled
waterproof |
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The Stratum Granuslosum forms a barrier between _____ ____- and deeper layers of the epidermis
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surface cells
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The stratum granulosum cuts off surface strata from ____ supply.
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nutrient
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The stratum spinosum contains serveral layers of _____________.
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keratinocytes
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The stratum spinosum appears ____ due to shrinkage during histological preparation.
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spiny
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The stratum spinulosum contains _______cells.
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Langerhan
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Langerhan cells are ________
from bone marrow that migrate to the epidermis and provide protection against pathogens. |
macrophages
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The Stratum basale is the single layer of _____ or low ____ cells sitting on the basement membrane.
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Cuboidal or columnar
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Keratinocytes undergo ______ to replace ______ cells.
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mitosis
epidermal |
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Melanocytes synthesize ______.
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melanin
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Merkel Cells are touch receptors associated with ______ fibers to form ___________ disc.
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nerve
Merkel |
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The dermis contains ____ layers.
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2
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The papillary layer of the dermis extends form the dermis into the _______ and forms ridges of the _________.
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epidermis
fingerprints |
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The papillary layer is made of _____ shaped cells.
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nipple
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The reticular layer is the deeper part of the ______. Reticular means______.
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dermis
network |
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The principle tissue of the dermis is ______ tissue.
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connective
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The skin rests on the _______ layer or the hypodermis
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subcutaneous
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The hair is a filament of _______ cells.
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keratinized
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The _____ is visible above the skin.
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shaft
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The root is below within the ______.
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follicle
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Hiar has medulla, cortex, and ______ layers.
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cuticle
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The follicle is an ______ tube within the skin.
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oblique
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The ____ is a swelling in the base where hair originates.
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bulb
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The vascular tissue or ______ provides nutrients.
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papilla
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Hair color is due to ________ of the cells in the cortex.
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pigment
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The main function of the nails is _______.
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protection
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The nails are distal, posterior, and _______.
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superficial
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A cuticle is
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eponychium
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The growth zone of a nail is the ______edge of a nail
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proximal
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The nail bed is skin upon which the the nail _____ rests.
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plate
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The _______ is the epithelium of nail bed.
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hyponychium
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Cutaneous glands (skin in air) include: sweat glands(aprocrine and merocrine) ______ glands, and cereminous glands.
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sebacious
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Mammary glands are in the breast of ________ or _______ wonen only.
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lactating or pregnant
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Merocrine glands are simple _____ glands that ____ the body.
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tubular
cool |
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Apocrine glands produce sweat containing ______ ______.
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fatty acids
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Sweat glands are found only near hair follicles and respond to stress and _____.
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sex
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_______ is body odor by bacterial acids or fatty acids.
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Bromhidrosis
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Sebaceous glands secrete oily _____ that contains _________ cells.
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sebum
brplem-down |
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Sebaceous glands are ________ glands with ducts that open into hair follices.
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flask-shaped
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Cereminous glands are found only in the _____ ______.. They produce _____ wax.
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external ear
ear |
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The secretion of the cereminous glands combines with ______ to produce _____.
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cebum
earwax |
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The secretions of the cereminous glands keeps the eardrum ______ and _______mites and other pests.
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flexible
repells |
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The mammary glands are modified ______ sweat glands.
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apocrine
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The mammary glands are found only in females during ______ and ______.
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pregnancy and lactation
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The mammary glands secrete ________.
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milk
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Hemoglobin is a _______located in the blood and responsible for normal skin color.
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pigment
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Melanin is a pigment located in the stratum _____ and the stratum ______ produces a variety of colors.
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basale
spinosum |
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Darker people have more of the pigment ________.
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melanin
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Carotiene is a pigment that gives a ______ color and is located in the stratum______ and subcutaneous fat.
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yellow
corneum |
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The functions of the skin are: protection, _________, produces cutaneous sensation, ____________, excretion, vitamen D synthesis, and social functions.
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detects changes in the environment
temperature regulation |
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The hair and sweat glands also provide _____ ______.
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temperature regulation
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The functions of the skin are protection, temperature regulation, excretion, vitamen D synthesis, and ________.
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Produces cutaneous sensation
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The function of the skin is excretion or removal of _____ waste.
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metabolic
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The social function of the skin has to do with _____ ______.
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facoa; expressions
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The principle function of the skin is the protection from _______.
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bacteria
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The epidermis is the _____ layer and consists of several layers of ______ ______ epithelium.
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first
stratified sqamous |
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The dermis is the second layer and consists of _________ tissue.
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connective
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The functions of the skeletal system include support, protection, and ++++++++
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movement
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Functions of the skin include: mineral homeostasis, Triglyceride storage by yellow bone marrow and ++++++++by red bone marrow
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blood cell prodection
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Osseous and cartilage are both ++++++++ tissue
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connective
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The minerals contained in the osseous tissue: calcium, and _______ make it tough.
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phosphorous
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Long bones include compact bones with ++++++ or Haversian systems.
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osteons
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Where is the acronium of the scapula?
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The flat process on the outer end of the scapular spine that articulates with the clavicle and forms the outer angle of the shoulder.
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Where is the spine and the glenoid cavity?
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The spine is above and the glenoid cavity below.
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Where is the radius?
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Lateral forearm
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Where is the scapula?
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Posterior Pectoral Range
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Where is the ulna?
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Medial forearm
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The ends of bones are called
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epiphysis
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The center of the bone is called
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diaphysis
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The epiphyseal plate is _______and remains so until we stop growing.
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cartilaginous
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The outer layer of bone is called the
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periosteum
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The inner lining of bone is called the
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endosteum
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The epiphysis have spongy bone and need spongy bone for _____ ______.
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shock absorption
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Blood cell production by the ____ bone marrow.
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RED
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Triglyceride storage by the ____ bone marrow.
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yellow
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Compact bone cells have _____ or Haversian systems
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osteons
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Spongy bone is composed of trabeculae (rods, plates, and spines) and ____ bone marrow.
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red
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The canaliculi is for communication between the _____ and they are in the lacunae.
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osteocytes
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_____ cells or stem cells make osteoblasts.
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Osteogenic
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______ form the osseous matrix.
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Osteoblasts
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Osteogenic cells are like stem cells, undifferentiaed ____ that develop into whatever kind of cell
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cells
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Osteoblasts become osteocytes or strain sensors. They sense the strain so that osteoblasts can form more ____
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matrix
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Osteoclasts destroy the bone____. This process makes more room. Osteoporosis is a chronic occurrence of this.
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matrix
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The central axis is the ____
It includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum, and sacrum. |
axial region
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The appendicular region contains the limbs, bones, and pelvic and ____ girdles.
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pectoral
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The skull has 22 bones joined by ______
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sutures
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There are ___ categories of skull bones: cranial and ___
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2, facial
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An osteocyte can be found in the lacuna and communicate thru the cannulculli, but the ____ is the functional unit of compact bone. See pic on desktop
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osteon
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The four main types of bone are : long, short, flat, and _____
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irregular
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The femur is an example of what type of bone.
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Long
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Short bones are cube shaped and equal in length and width. Examples: carpal and ____ bones
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tarsal
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_____ bones have a thin shape and structure provide considerable mechanical protection and extensive surfaces for muscle attachments.
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Flat
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Examples of flat bones include the scapula, ____, and cranial bones.
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sternum
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Irregular bones don't fit into any other category and include the _____ bones.
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facial
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Spongy bone is also known as ______
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cancellous
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Endosteum lines the cavity of the bones, but _____ lines the outside of the bone.
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Periosteum
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The three groups of bones that form the axial skeleton are:the skull, the vertebral column, and the ______ ______.
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bony thorax
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The axial region includes the: skull, mandible, facial bones, hyoid, vertebrae, sacrum, ====, ribs, and sternum.
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coccyx
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The parts of the axial skeleton are the skull, ribs, and ++++++ ______
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vertebral column
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The appendicular region includes the upper and lower limbs and the ____ ____, and pelvis.
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pectoral girdles
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The saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone is also where the pituitary gland sits
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sella turcia
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The hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes
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foramen magum
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Breast shaped portion of the temporal bone located in the eardrum
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mastoid process
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Bone suspended from the the styloid process in the temporal bone
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hyoid bone
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The first cerivical vertebra
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Atlas C1
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The second cervical vertebra
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Axis C2
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With regard to the ulna, the _______ process forms the elbow.
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olecranon
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The scaplua is in the _______
pectoral range. |
posterior
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The ____ is the lateral forearm.
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ra;dius
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The ____ is the medial forearm
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Ulna
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The glenoid cavity of the scapula articulates with the ______.
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humerus
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The axis includes the central axis, vertebral column, skull, ribs, sternum, and ______
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sacrum
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The appendicular region includes the limbs, girdles (pelvic and ______) girdles.
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pectoral
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The sutures join the 22 bones of the skull. The sutures are ____
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joints
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There are 2 categories of skull bones: facial and ______
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cranial
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The _____ bone is a bat-shaped bone in the cranium attached to other cranial bones.
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sphenoid bone
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The saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone is the _______
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sella turcica
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The hole at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes _____ ______
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foramen magnum
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The projection of the mandible that articulates with the mandibular fossa (temporal) is ________
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mandibular condyle
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The first cervical vertebrae is _____
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atlas or C1
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The second cervical vertebrae is _____
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axis or C2
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The three groups of bones that form the axial skeleton are: cranial, vertebral, _____ _____
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bony thorax
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The 2 divisions of the skeletal system are: the axial and _______
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appendicular
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The three groups of bones that form the axial skeleton are: cranial, vertebral, _____ _____
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bony thorax
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What sutures join the following bones? parietal and frontal
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cornonal suture
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The 2 divisions of the skeletal system are: the axial and _______
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appendicular
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What sutures join the following bones? temporal and parietal
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sagital suture
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What sutures join the following bones? parietal and frontal
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cornonal suture
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What sutures join the following bones? Occipital and Parietal bones
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lamboid suture
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What sutures join the following bones? temporal and parietal
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squamous suture
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What sutures join the following bones? Occipital and Parietal bones
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lamboid suture
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What are some examples of long bones: humerus, femur, and _____and ulna and radius.
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tibia and fibula
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What are some examples of short bones: tarsals and ____
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carpal bones
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What are all of the flat bones:
scapula, sternum, ______, pelvis, and ______. |
cranium and ribs
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What are all the irregular bones?
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vertebra
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The coronal suture joins what bones
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the frontal and parietal bones
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The coronal suture joins 2 pariental bones and the _____
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frontal bone
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The lamboid suture separates the parietal bones and _____ bone
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occipital
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The squamous suture joins the temporal and --------bones
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parietal
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The 4 main types of bone are long, short, flat, and _______
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Irregular
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A long bone is a long, _______ marrow containing bone, such as the ____
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cylindrical femur
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A small roughly cuboidal bone is a ____ bone. An example is the carpals or _____.
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short tarsals
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A flat bone is thin and has a ____ surface. Examples: scapula and ______
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broad, ribs or sternum
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Irregular bones are irregular in size and _____ and compact.
Example: Patella |
shape
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Bone suspended from the styloid processes of the temporal bone.
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hyoid
|
|
|
Bone in which the mental foramina are located.
|
Mandible
|
|
|
Peg-shaped projection of the axis that projects into the vertebral foramen of the atlas and allows the head to turn.
|
Suoerior Articular Facet
|
|
|
Cervical Vertebrae have a short spinous process and ____ posteriorly
|
project
|
|
|
Thoracic vertebrae have a long, spinous and relatively ____ and angle sharply _____.
|
pointed, downward
|
|
|
The lumbar vertebrae are blunt and point ________.
|
posteiorly
|
|
|
The tranverse process refers to ______
|
foramina
|
|
|
The Cervical vertebrae has a tranverse foramen that serves as a passage way for ____ and veins.
|
arteries
|
|
|
Foramina are absent in the thoracic and ______ vertebrae.
|
lumbar
|
|
|
The body is smallest and lightest in the ____ vertebrae, larger in the _____ vertebrae, and massive and sturdy in the lumbar vertebrae.
|
cervical, thoracic
|
|
|
The features of the ____ are the acromion, coracoid process, and _____ cavity.
|
Scapula, glenoid
|
|
|
The clavice features are the sternal end, the ____ end, and the conoid _____.
|
acromial, tubercle
|
|
|
The Humerus features are the Greater Tubercle, Lesser Turbercle, ______ tuberosity, and the _______ Fossa, and the _______ Fossa.
|
Deltoid, Olecranon, Coronoid
|
|
|
The Radius Features are the radial notch, styloid process, the head, and radial ______.
|
tuberosity
|
|
|
The cervical vertebrae are ____ and project posteriorly.
|
short
|
|
|
The cervical vertebrae have _____ _____ that project to arteries and veins.
|
transverse foramina
|
|
|
The ______ vertebrae have the smallest and lightest body.
|
cervical
|
|
|
The thoracic vertebrae are ____ and spinous and relatively pointed and angled ______ ______.
|
long
sharply downward |
|
|
The _____ and _____ vertebrae don't have transverse foramina.
|
thoracic, lumbar
|
|
|
The thoracic vertebrae are larger than _______ vertebrae.
|
cervical
|
|
|
The lumbar vertebrae are ______ and sturdy.
|
massive
|
|
|
The cranial bone immediately behind the nose is the ______ bone.
|
ethmoid
|
|
|
The breast shaped portion of the temporal bone located behind the earlobe is _____
|
mastoid process.
|
|
|
The peg shaped projection of atlas that projects into the vertebral foramen of the atlas and allows the head to turn.
|
dens or odontoid process
|
|
|
The odontoid process forms a pivot joint with ____ and axis.
|
atlas
|
|
|
The _____ _____ is a projection of the mandible that projects with the mandibular fossa.
|
mandibular condyle
|
|
|
The periosteum is the layer of fibrous ______ tissue covering a bone.
|
connective
|
|
|
The ______ is a membraneous vascular layer of cells which line the medullary cavity of the bone
|
endosteoum
|
|
|
An ____ is a mature bone cell in a lacunae of the osseous matrix.
|
osteocyte
|
|
|
An _____ is a unit of bone consisting of a central canal surrounded by _____ of the matrix.
|
osteon llamelae
|
|
|
Identifying markers of the scapula are acromiom, glenoid cavity and _____ process.
|
corocoid process
|
|
|
Identifying feature s of the fibula are the styloid process and the _______ _______.
|
lateral malleous
|
|
|
Identifying features of the tibia are medial malleous, tibial tuberosity, and _____ _______ ________.
|
proximal tibiofibular joint
|
|
|
ID features of the femur are the greater and ____ trochanter, and ____ surface.
|
lesser,
patellar |
|
|
ID feature s of the clavicle are the _____ tubercle
|
conoid
|
|
|
ID features of the humerus are the greater and lesser tubercle, _____ tuberosity, and ______ fossa and coronoid fossa.
|
deltoid
olecreanon |
|
|
ID features of the radius are the _____ notch and radial _____.
|
radial
tuberosity |
|
|
ID features of the ulna are the neck, styloid process and the
olecranon _____. |
Process
|
|
|
ID features of the pelvic bone are the illium, pubis, and ___
|
ischium
|
|
|
_______ are the rods, plates, and spines of spongy bone.
|
Trabeculare
|
|
|
Principle tisse of the epidermis
|
stratified sqaumous
|
|
|
Principle tissue of the dermis
|
connective tissue
|
|
|
30 layers of dead, scaly keratinized cells that flake off What Stratum?
|
corneum
|
|
|
Thin translucent zone seen only in thick skin. What stratum?
|
lucidum
|
|
|
Cells that lack organelles. What stratum?
|
Lucidum
|
|
|
Forms a barrie between surface cells and deeper layers of epidermis and cuts off surface from nutrient supply
|
granulosum
|
|
|
several layers of keratinocytes
What stratum? |
spinosum
|
|
|
What stratum contains Langerhan cells?
|
Spinosum
|
|
|
Langerhan cells are____ from bone marrow that migrate to epidermis to provide protection against pathogens.
|
macrophages
|
|
|
Touch receptors associated with nerve fibers near stratum basale.
|
Merkel Cells
|
|
|
Keratinocytes undergo mitosis in what layer of epidermsis
|
Stratum Basale
|
|
|
Melanocytes synthesize melanin in what stratum?
|
Stratum Basale
|
|
|
Parts of Hair: Shaft visible above skin, root below within ____, and medulla, ____, and cuticle layers.
|
shaft
cortex |
|
|
Vascular tissue of dermis or _____ provides nutrients
|
papillae
|
|
|
Pigment contained in what part of hair
|
cortex
|
|
|
Nails derive what part of epidermis
|
stratum corneum
|
|
|
new ____form by mitosis in nail matrix
|
cells
|
|
|
The hyponychium is the epithelium of the ____ bed.
|
nail
|
|
|
Sebaceous glands are _____ glands with ducts that open into hair follices
|
flask-shaped
|
|
|
Mammary glands are modified _____ sweat glands
|
apocrine
|
|
|
Melanin, which produces many colors, is located in the stratum spinosum and stratum_____
|
basale
|
|
|
Carotene yellow in stratum
|
corneum
|
|
|
Smooth muscle that makes the hair stand on end
|
arector pilli
|
|
|
function of apocrine and eccrine sweat glands
|
temp regulation and excretion of metabolic waste
|
|
|
Pacinian corpuscle
|
pressure or touch receptor
|
|
|
Diarthrosis are _____ joints such as elbow
|
freely moveable
|
|
|
Amphiarthrosis are slightly _____ joints such as the invertebral vertebrae and pubic symphysis.
|
moveable
|
|
|
A suture is an example of what type of joint.
|
Synarthrosis because a suture of the skull locks parts in place
|
|
|
Synarthrosis involves tight joints. The attachments called _____ because collagen fibers of dense connective tissue span space between bones
|
Fibrous
|
|
|
Example of fibrous attachment of joint _____
|
teeth
|
|
|
A ______ attachment is made up of 2 bones bound to each other by cartilage. Gap filled with cartilage as in pubic symphisis
|
cartilogenous
|
|
|
Bony joints can be fused, instead, by _____ tissue and then they are called synarthrosis.
|
osseous
|
|
|
Fibrous joints can be tight and immovable. Fibrous joints can be sutures or ______ which are amphyarthroses.
|
Gomphoses
|
|
|
Gomphoses are fibrous joints between the teeth and socket They are example of _______ because they show limited movement.
|
Amphyarthroses
|
|
|
Syndesmoses are bones that are held by ______
|
ligaments
|
|
|
Cartilogeous joints include the costal cartilage, an example of ________because they are immovable.
|
synchnondrosis
|
|
|
Another cartilogenous joint is the one at pubic ______
|
symphysis
|
|
|
Another name for bony joint is ________. 2 bones fused by ossoues tissue.
|
synostosis
|
|
|
Left and right ______ fuse after birth.
|
mandilble
|
|
|
Left and right ____ bones fuse after birth.
|
frontal
|
|
|
Epiphyses and diaphyses of the ______fuse. Example of ______.
|
long bone
synostosis |
|
|
________ attach muscles to bones.
|
Tendons
|
|
|
Saclike extensions of joint capsule that extend between nearby structures allowing them to slide more easily past each other.
|
Bursae
|
|
|
Elongated cylinders of connective tissue lined with synovial membrane and wrapped around a tendon. Protects tendon and muscle
|
Tendon sheath
|
|
|
A synovial joint is an exception. Not fusion for movement. A joint or ______ cavity.
|
articular
|
|
|
The articular cartilage covers the ends of the ____ for attachment.
|
bone
|
|
|
The joint capsule of the synovial joint has an outer fibrous capsule and an inner _____ membrane that secretes ____ fluid.
|
synovial
synovial |
|
|
The synovial joint has a pad between the bones to absorb shock and guide movement
|
Meniscus
|
|
|
_____ attach muscles to bones and ______ attach bone to bone
|
Tendons
Ligaments |
|
|
A ball and socket joint is a synovial joint and are example of _____ because move freely.
|
diarthosis
|
|
|
Examples of ball and socket joint head of _____ fits into glenoid cavity of scapula.
|
humerus
|
|
|
Another example of ball and socket: head of femur fits acetabulum of ___ bone.
|
hip
|
|
|
A ball and socket joint is also a _____ joint due to ability to rotate.
|
multial axial
|
|
|
A hinge joint is another synovial joint. A convex surface of one bone fits into the concave _____ of another bone.
|
depression
|
|
|
Example of hinge joints are: the ulna and humerus at the elbow joint or _____ notch.
|
trochlear
|
|
|
Other examples of joint are the femur and tibia at knee joint.
|
hinge joint
|
|
|
The hinge joint is a monoxial joint due to ____ ____ movement.
|
one way
|
|
|
A pivot joint is a synovial joint where one bone has a projection that fits into a ringlike ______ of another.
|
ligament
|
|
|
In a pivot joint, a bone with projection rotates along its longitudinal axis relative to another. Example: ______
|
Proximal Radioulnar joint of radius and ulna. Radial notch of ulna and head of radius
|
|
|
In the synovial joint called saddle joint, each articular surface has a saddle shape_____ in one direction and convex in another.
|
Concave
|
|
|
An example of a saddle joint is the Trapeziometacarpal joint at the joint of _____ for opposable thumb.
|
thumb
|
|
|
The saddle joint, ______ at the base of thumb is a biaxial joint.
|
trapeziometacarpal
|
|
|
Gliding joints are synovial joints that are flat articular surfaces that allow bones to _____ over each other.
|
glide
|
|
|
Gliding joints are synovial joints that offer ____ monoaxial joint.
|
limited
|
|
|
As a limited monoaxial joint, gliding joints considered ____ due to slight movement.
|
amphiarthroses
|
|
|
A condyloid joint, a synovial joint, that is also a ____ joint.
|
biaxial
|
|
|
A codyloid joint is an oval convex surface on one bone that fits into a similarly shaped ______ on another bone.
|
depression
|
|
|
An example of a condyloid joint is the radiocarpal joint of the wrist and this synovial condyloid joint is shows movement in 1 or 2 directions.
|
2
|
|
|
The metacarpalphalageal joints at the base of fingers also ____ joints cause biaxial.
|
condyloid
|
|
|
Examples of angular movement at synovial joints are: flexion, extension, and _____ or beyond 180 degrees.
|
hyperextension
|
|
|
More movement of synovial joints abduction and _____ in reference to midline.
|
adduction
|
|
|
Abduction is movement away from ______ and adduction is movement to midline.
|
midline
|
|
|
More movement of synovial joints- _____ and retraction.
|
protraction
|
|
|
Flexion ______ the angle of a joint.
|
decreases
|
|
|
Extension ______ a joint.
|
straightens
|
|
|
Hyperextension is extension beyond ____ degrees.
|
180
|
|
|
Abduction is movement ____from midline
|
away
|
|
|
Adduction is movement _____
midline |
away
|
|
|
Elevation is movement that ____ a bone ____.
|
raises vertically
|
|
|
Examples of ______mandibles during chewing and clavices during shrug
|
elevation
|
|
|
Movement that lowers a bone
|
depression
|
|
|
Protraction is movement of a bone anteriorly or foward on a ______ plane. Ex thrust jaw
|
horizontal
|
|
|
Retraction is the movement of bone_____
|
posteriorly
|
|
|
Lateral and medial excursion are ______ or right to left grinding movements as in chewing.
|
side to side
|
|
|
Medial excursion is movement back to _____
|
midline
|
|
|
Supination is the rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces ______
|
Forward as in anatomical position
|
|
|
Supination is also the inversion and abduction of the foot, as in raising the ____ edge ot the foot.
|
medial
|
|
|
Pronation is also rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces toward ____
|
rear
|
|
|
Pronation is also eversion and abduction of foot or raising ____ edge of foot.
|
lateral
|
|
|
Opposition is movement of the thumb to ____ or touch the fingerips.
|
approach
|
|
|
Reposition is movement of thumb away from fingertips back to _____ position.
|
anatomical
|
|
|
Opposition and reposition important for ____ objects.
|
grasping
|
|
|
_________ is the raising of the toes as in a heel strike during a step.
|
Dorsiflextion
|
|
|
Plantarflexion is the extension of the foot downward as in standing _____
|
tippytoe
|
|
|
Inversion is movement in which soles turned ______
|
medially
|
|
|
Eversion is turning of the soles to face ______
|
laterally
|
|
|
The proximal radiotibial joint is an example of what cause limited movement
|
amphiarthrosis
|
|
|
The convex surface of the ulna fits into the concave depression of the humerous, a hinge joint at the ________ _________
|
trochlear notch
|
|
|
Monoaxial joint movment is an example of
|
amphiarthrosis
|
|
|
A hinge joint is
|
monoaxial
|
|
|
The proximal radioulnar joint is a _____ joint because the projection fits into the ringlike ligament of another.
|
pivot
|
|
|
The radius and ulna articulate in a ____ joint
|
pivot
|
|
|
The saddle joint is an example of a ____ joint formed by an opposable thumb.
|
Saddle
|
|
|
In a saddle joint each articular surface is saddle shaped, concave in 1 direction and ____ in the other.
|
convex
|
|
|
Gliding joints are flat articular surfaces that ____ over each other. Considered amphiarthrosis because_____
|
limited monoaxial movement
|
|
|
The radiocarpal joint of the wrist is a biaxial joint formed when the concave surace of one bone fits into a similarly shaped depression of another bone. What type of joint
|
Condyloid
|
|
|
Circumduction is _____ movement of distal part of the body.
|
circular
|
|
|
Rotation is revolution around own longitudinal ____
|
axis
|
|
|
Angular movement is flexion, extension, and _______
|
hyperreflexion
|
|
|
Abduction is the movement away from the midline of ____
|
body
|
|
|
Adduction is the movement of the body toward the midline of ____
|
body
|
|
|
Elevation is raises a bone ______
|
vertically
|
|
|
Depression is movement that lowers a ____
|
bone
|
|
|
Protraction is movement of a bone anteriorly or ____ on a horizontal plane
|
forward
|
|
|
Retraction is the movement of a bone ______
|
posteriorly
|
|
|
Lateral excursion is sdeways movement to the right or ____
|
left
|
|
|
Mediall excursion is movement back to _____
|
midline
|
|
|
Examples of medial and lateral excursion:
|
chewing
|
|
|
Supination and pronation occur in the forearm and ____
|
foot
|
|
|
Supination is the rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces ______as in anatomical position
|
forward
|
|
|
Supination is also inversion and abduction of the foot, raising the medial edge ot the
|
foot
|
|
|
Pronation is the rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces toward the ____
|
rear
|
|
|
Pronation is also inversion and abduction of the foot or raising the ___ edge of the foot.
|
edge
|
|
|
Opposition is the movement of thumb to touch the fingertips, and _____ is movement back to anatomical position
|
reposition
|
|
|
Opposition and reposition allows for _____ objects.
|
grasping
|
|
|
The plantar surface is the sole of the _____
|
feet
|
|
|
Dorosiflexion raising feet as if to ____ strike
|
heel
|
|
|
Plantarflexion extensionof foot so that toes point _____
|
downward
|
|
|
Inversion is the medial turning of the _____
|
soles
|
|
|
Eversion is turning of the soles _____
|
laterally
|
|
|
What is a lamboid suture?
|
Joins occipital and parietal bones
|
|
|
What is a squamous suture?
|
Joins temporal and parietal bones
|
|
|
A synovial joint must have a cavity and a ____
|
capsule
|
|
|
Cartilogeousness bones are either symphyses or synchondroses. In synchondroses, the connecting medium in ______
|
cartilage
|
|
|
A symphysis can show some movement so can be
|
amphiarthrosis
|
|
|
Synovial joints are free moveable so they are
|
diathrosis
|
|
|
Synchondroses are immovable joints by hyaline cartilage. They are ____, like suture.
|
synarthrosis
|
|
|
Syndesmoses are fbrous joints held together by ____
|
ligaments
|
|
|
Synchondroses are ______ joints by hyaline cartilage. They are synarthrosis, like suture.
|
immovable
|
|
|
Sutures are examples of ____ joints and synarthrosis.
|
fibrous
|
|
|
The mandible and ____ bones fuse after birh
|
frontal
|
|
|
The bursae allow bones to glide and slide past each other. They are ____ extensions of joint capsule of synovial joint.
|
sac like
|
|
|
Tendon sheaths are long cylinders of connective tissue lined with _____ ____ and wrapped around a tendon.
|
synovial membrane
|
|
|
Tendon sheaths ______ tendons.
|
protect
|
|
|
The _____ cartilage cover ends of bone for attachment.
|
articular
|
|
|
The synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid which is _____ and slippery.
|
viscous
|
|
|
Joint capsule of synovial joint has outter fibrous capulse and inner synovial _____
|
membrane
|
|
|
Smooth hemispherical head fits into cuplike depression
|
ball and socket cavity
|
|
|
head of fumerus and glenoid cavity
|
ball and socket cavity
|
|
|
Ball and socket joint is a multi_ joint
|
axial
|
|
|
Convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of another bone like ulna and humerous at elbow
|
hinge joint
|
|
|
The hinge jointis a mono_____
|
joint
|
|
|
One bone has a projection that fits into a ringlike liagment of another
|
Pivot joint
|
|
|
Each articular surface is shaped convex in 1 direction and concave in another.
|
Saddle joint
|
|
|
Trapeziometacarpal saddle joint is a bi___ joint.
|
axial
|
|
|
Gliding joints are limited mono____ joints. Considered amphiarthrosis.
|
axial
|
|
|
Oval convex surface on one bone fits into a similarly shaped depression on another bone.
|
Condyloid joint
|
|
|
Condyloid joints are bi____ joints.
|
axial
|
|
|
An example of flexion or decreasing the angle of a wrist is bending ____
|
elbow
|
|
|
Extension _____a joint
|
straightens
|
|
|
Elevation raises a bone, but _____ lowers it.
|
depression
|
|
|
Protection is anterior or forward movement and _____ is posterior movement.
|
Retraction
|
|
|
Latteral excursion is sideways movement and ____ excursion is back to middle.
|
medial
|
|
|
Rotation of palm so that it is forward is supination, as in anatomical position and ______ is rotation so that it is posterior.
|
Prronation
|
|
|
Supination is raising the medial end of the foot, and ______ is raising the lateral edge of the foot.
|
pronation
|
