A&p Chapter 2

Front 1

Atoms that are of the same element but contain different number of neutrons are called:

Back 1

Isotopes

Front 2

When an anion and a cation are electrically attracted to each other, ______ is formed.

Back 2

An ionic bond

Front 3

Ions with a positive charge are called:

Back 3

Cations

Front 4

What is a characteristic of hydrogen bonds?

Back 4

Hydrogen bonds can form between adjacent molecules.

Front 5

In a molecule of hydrogen, a pair of elections is shared equally. Such a bond is called a(n)

Back 5

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

Front 6

If two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms, which type of bond occurs?

Back 6

Double Covalent Bond

Front 7

Chlorine atoms have seven electrons in the outermost shell. As a result, one would expect chlorine to form jobs with a charge of:

Back 7

-1

Front 8

The term that applies to all of the decomposition reactions that occur in metabolism is:

Back 8

Catabolism

Front 9

Reactions had ultimately result in larger molecules formed from smaller ones called ________.

Back 9

Synthesis

Front 10

When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis:

Back 10

A condensation reaction occurs

Front 11

Hydrolysis is an example of which type of reaction?

Back 11

Decomposition Reaction

Front 12

The reaction N2 + 3H2 > 2NH3 would be an example of a(n):

Back 12

Synthesis Reaction

Front 13

Chemical reactions that occur in the human body are catalyze by special protein molecules called:

Back 13

Enzymes

Front 14

Chemical reactions that release energy are categorized as:

Back 14

Exergonic

Front 15

In an endergonic reaction:

Back 15

Energy is consumed during the reaction

Front 16

Which is the mechanism of enzyme functioning?

Back 16

Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction

Front 17

Which of the following is classified as inorganic?

Back 17

Sodium

Front 18

When individual anions or cations interact with the positive or negative ends of polar water molecules breaking bonds apart, what is this process called?

Back 18

Ionization

Front 19

A solution containing more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions is:

Back 19

Acidic

Front 20

Why is it important to precisely regulate the pH of blood of other bodily fluids?

Back 20

Hydrogen ions are extremely reactive.

Front 21

If a substance resists changes in pH, either by removing or replacing hydrogen ions, it is called:

Back 21

A buffer

Front 22

Which of the following are defined as soluble inorganic compounds whose ions will conduct an electric current in solutions?

Back 22

Electrolytes

Front 23

When placed in solution, an inorganic substance dissociates completely, forming hydrogen ions and anions. This substance would be a

Back 23

Strong Acid

Front 24

Functionally, carbohydrates are most important as:

Back 24

Sources of energy

Front 25

The most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body is

Back 25

Glucose

Front 26

A class of lipids used as chemical messengers, to signal cells to undergo changes, is called:

Back 26

Steroids

Front 27

The group of organic compounds containing mostly carbon and hydrogen with small amounts of oxygen is defined as a(n)

Back 27

Lipid

Front 28

The molecule shown in the figure is considered to be the most important metabolic "fuel" in the body. Choose the best category of molecules to which it belongs.

Back 28

Monosaccharide

Front 29

A fatty acid that contains only single covalent bonds in its carbon chain is said to be:

Back 29

Saturated

Front 30

Enzymes

Back 30

functions as biological catalysts

Front 31

Proteins are composed of units called

Back 31

Amino acids

Front 32

Organic molecules that are part of almost all cell functions are called:

Back 32

Proteins

Front 33

Indicate the primary function(s) of the structure shown in the figure.

Back 33

A structural component of cell membranes

Front 34

Which of the following can be denatured?

Back 34

Enzymes

Front 35

Special clotting proteins that restrict bleeding following an injury to the cardiovascular system are an example of which type of protein function?

Back 35

Defense

Front 36

Amino acids contain a central carbon atom adjacent to a(n) _______ group and a(n) _________ group.

Back 36

Amino; carboxyl

Front 37

If a polypeptide contains 9 peptide bonds, how many amino acids does it contain?

Back 37

10

Front 38

The nucleic acid DNA is:

Back 38

double stranded

Front 39

The molecule DNA contains the unique five-carbon sugar ________.

Back 39

Deoxyribose

Front 40

Which nitrogenous base is unique to RNA molecules?

Back 40

Uracil

Front 41

A DNA nucleotide specifically consists of:

Back 41

a deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group

Front 42

According to the rules of complementary base pairing, a nucleotide containing the base cytosine would only pair with a nucleotide containing the base:

Back 42

Guanine

Front 43

A(n) _____ bond is a covalent bond that stores an unusually large capacity to perform work.

Back 43

High-energy

Front 44

The hydrolysis of ATP yields the molecule ___________.

Back 44

Adenosine Diphosphate

Front 45

Choose the correct pairing of macromolecule type to its function.

Back 45

Carbohydrate - first and major source of energy

Front 46

Phospholipids consist of _________ linked to a non-lipid group by a phosphate group.

Back 46

A glycerol and two fatty acids

Front 47

Glucose-based starches are an example of the structure labeled #1. Identify the structure.

Back 47

Polysaccharide

Front 48

Identify the structure labeled #5, a component of triglycerides, which is comprised of long chains of carbon atoms with attached hydrogen atoms that end in a carboxyl group.

Back 48

Fatty Acid

Front 49

Identify the structure labeled #8, which is a building block of proteins.

Back 49

Amino Acid

Front 50

What is/are the primary function(s) of the structure labeled #9?

Back 50

Template that codes for specific proteins