08. Creating The Constitution

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a small, bookish Virginia Patriot who was instrumental in drafting the Constitution of the United States.

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James Madison (8)

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the first written plan of government for the United States or an association of states who cooperate for common purpose.

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Articles of Confederation (8)

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the agreement between the United States and Great Britain ending the war and acquiring the western lands after the war.

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Treaty of Paris (8)

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under this law passed by Congress, western lands were divided into 6-mile squares called townships and each divided into 36 sections of 640 acres each.

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Land Ordinance of 1785 (8)

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six-mile squares which was then divided into 36 sections of 640 acres each that divided the western lands under the Land Ordinance of 1785.

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townships (8)

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the new name of the Ohio Valley which, by 1787, the government was ready to sell sections of townships to settlers.

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Northwest Territory (8)

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a region designated by Congress and organized under a governor, it may apply to become a state when it has a large enough population.

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territory (8)

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the law, passed by Congress which divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories, each governed by a territorial governor.

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Northwest Ordinance of 1787 (8)

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a hero of Bunker Hill and Massachusetts farmer who led a rebellion because they were ordered to sell their land and livestock to pay off their debts.

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Daniel Shays (8)

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a place where weapons and ammunition are stored.

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arsenal (8)

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a national arsenal in Massachusetts where Daniel Shays and other rebels seized the weapons stored there.

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Springfield (8)

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this uprising of farmers who served in the Revolutionary War shocked Congress into calling for a convention to consider "the situation of the United States."

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Shays's Rebellion (8)

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reacting to the Shays's Rebellion, he wrote his friend, "no respect is paid to the Federal [national] authority. It is not possible that a government can last long under these circumstances."

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James Madison (8)

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Georgia delegate who wrote his sketch of Madison: "In the management of every great question he evidently took the lead in the convention.... He always comes forward the best informed man of any point in debate. The affairs of the United States, he perhaps, has the most correct knowledge of, of any in the Union. Mr. Madison is about 37 years of age, a gentleman of great modesty, with a remarkably sweet temper."

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William Pierce (8)

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a written plan that provides the basic framework of a government.

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Constitution (8)

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the collective name given to the delegates of the Constitutional Convention who agreed to design a new framework of government.

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The Framers (8)

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under this Constitutional plan, it called for a strong national government with three branches or parts with Congress having two houses, with numbers of delegates elected depending on the population of the States.

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Virginia Plan (8)

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the branch of government, also called Congress, would make laws.

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legislative branch (8)

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this branch of government would carry out the laws.

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executive branch (8)

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this branch of government, also called system of courts, would apply and interpret the laws.

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judicial branch (8)

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the New Jersey delegate to the Constitutional Convention who introduced a rival proposal to the Virginia Plan, calling for government with three branches but the legislative branch having only one house, not two.

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William Patterson (8)

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under this Constitutional plan, it called for a government with three branches but the legislative branch would have just one, not two and each State would have an equal vote in Congress, no matter how big or small it is.

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New Jersey Plan (8)

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the Pennsylvania delegate to the Constitutional Convention representing large states who believed taht representation based on population seemed both logical and fair. "Can we forget for whom we are forming a government? Is it for men, or for the imaginary beings called States?"

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James Wilson (8)

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the Delaware delegate to the Constitutional Convention representing the smaller states who feared that they would be crushed by bigger States. "They insist they will never hurt or injure the lesser States. I do not, gentlemen, trust you! If the large states continue trying to crush the smaller States, the small one will find some foreign ally of more honor and food faith who will take them by the hand and do them justice."

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Gunning Bedford (8)

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the Massachusetts delegate to the Constitutional Convention who was shocked that smaller States referred to foreign powers for help.

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Rufus King (8)

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a signer of the Declaration of Independence and Connecticut delegate to the Constitutional Convention who helped construct the Great Compromise that called for a Congress of two houses with each State having equal representation in one house and representation based on population in the other house.

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Roger Sherman (8)

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an agreement in which both sides in a dispute agree to give up something they want in order to achieve a settlement.

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compromise (8)

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under this Constitutional plan, it called for a government with a Congress with two house, each State having equal representation in one house, and representation based on population in the other house.

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The Great Compromise (8)

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the Pennsylvania delegate to the Constitutional Convention who brought the issue "upon what principle shall the slaves be computed in the representation of delegates to Congress?"

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Gouverneur Morris (8)

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the Massachusetts delegate to the Constitutional Convention who proposed that slaves should be counted as property that could be taxed like any other property. "Blacks are property and are used to the Southward as horses and cattle to the Northward."

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Elbridge Gerry (8)

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the Virginia delegate to the Constitutional Convention who proposed that slaves could be counted as three-fifths of a person when determining a states' population.

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James Madison (8)

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specially chosen group of people from each State whose job is to name the President since they would be able to look beyond State interest to make wise choice for the entire country.

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"Electors" (8)

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the group established by the Constitution to elect the President and Vice President chosen by each State.

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Electoral College (8)

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to formally approve a plan or an agreement.

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ratify (8)

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one of two Virgnia representatives to the Constitutional Convention who did not sign the Constitution.

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Edmund Randolph (8)

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one of two Virgnia delegates to the Constitutional Covnention who did not sign the Constitution because he felt it gave too much power to the national government.

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George Mason (8)

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the Massachusetts delegate to the Constitutional Convention who did not sign the Constitution because he believed the new plan did not protect the rights of the people.

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Elbridge Gerry (8)

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the supporters of the Constitution who argued that the Constitution would create a national government that was strong enough to unite the quarelling States into a single republic.

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Federalists (8)

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a country governed by elected representatives.

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republic (8)

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a Virginia representative who, with two other delegates, led the Federalist campaign for ratification; he was also known as the "father of the Constitution."

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James Madison (8)

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a New York representative who, with two other delegates, led the Federalist campaign for ratification.

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Alexander Hamilton (8)

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a New York representative who, with two other delegates, led the Federalist campaign for ratification.

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John Jay (8)

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a series of enwspaper articles addressing how the Constitution would remedy the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation by creating a stronger, more effective union of States.

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The Federalist Papers (8)

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opponents of the Constitution, who feared that Congress would ruin the country with taxes, the Presdient's power had enough to rule like a king, and the judicial branch would swallow up State courts.

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Anti-Federalists (8)