15. Manifest Destiny And The Growing Nation

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"obvious fate," coined in 1845 by John O'Sullivan, a New York newspaperman who wrote that it was "America's obvious fate to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent."

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"Manifest Destiny" (15)

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a New York newspaperman who in 1845 coined the phrase "manifest destiny."

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John O'Sullivan (15)

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a huge territory beyond the Rocky Mountains part of which was claimed by Great Britain but the United States had an interest in.

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Oregon (15)

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the land that covers much of the western part of North America that the United States believed had a duty to extend the blessings of democracy to.

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Mexico (15)

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the vast territory to the west of the Mississippi River claimed by France but bought by the United States for $15 million.

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Louisiana (15)

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a port city near the mouth of the Mississippi River in Louisiana which was important to farmers because it was from there where their crops were loaded onto ships bound for Europe or for cities on the East coast.

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New Orleans (15)

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Louisiana was given to Spain by the French after this war, but the French ruler Napoleon Bonaparte convinced Spain to return Louisiana to France.

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French and Indian War (15)

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the French ruler who convinced Spain to return Louisiana to France but sold it to the United States because he might lose it to the British through an impending war.

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Napoleon Bonaparte (15)

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the French Foreign minister who worked with American diplomats in selling Louisiana to the United States.

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Talleyrand (15)

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he was sent to France by President Thomas Jefferson in 1803 with an offer to buy New Orleans for $7.5 million.

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James Monroe (15)

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a slave leader who led a revolt in the French Caribbean colony known as Haiti.

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Toussaint L'Ouverture (15)

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the French Caribbean colony where a slave named Toussaint L'Ouverture led a slave revolt.

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Haiti (15)

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a treaty signed on April 30, 1803 giving Louisiana to the United States in exchange for $15 million.

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Louisiana Purchase (15)

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the president whose purchase of Louisiana created a Constitutional crisis since the Constitution made no provision for purchasing foreign territory.

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Thomas Jefferson (15)

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the act of conducting negotiations with other countries.

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diplomacy (15)

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the Native Americans who lived in Florida who welcomed and accepted runaway slaves and raided lands in Georgia.

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Seminoles (15)

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General Andrew Jackson was dispatched to this battle who made him into a national hero.

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Battle of New Orleans (15)

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President James Monroe's Secretary of State who was the only cabinet member to convince Monroe to send a blunt message to Spain rather than remove Andrew Jackson in Florida.

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John Quincy Adams (15)

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the land long held by Spain which many Americans felt was so valuable since the region was well suited for growing cotton.

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Texas (15)

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a banker and businessman who started an American colony in Spanish Texas in 1821.

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Moses Austin (15)

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Moses Austin's son who took over the huge tract of land in Spanish Texas when he died in 1821.

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Stephen Austin (15)

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the name given to the 297 families who first settled in Texas by 1827.

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"Old Three Hundred" (15)

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Texans of Mexican descent.

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Tejanos (15)

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a young lawyer who began calling for a revolution against the Mexican government running Texas.

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William Travis (15)

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the new head and a power-hungry dictator of the Mexican government in 1833 who tossed Stephen Austin in jail for promoting rebellion.

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Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana (15)

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the town in Texas that was defended by about 180 Texan volunteers, including eight Tejanos where a large part of Gen. Santa Ana's army surrounded in late February 1836.

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San Antonio, Texas (15)

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an old mission in San Antonio that was taken over by about 180 Texan volunteers.

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The Alamo (15)

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a famous frontiersman and former congressman from Tennessee who was among the volunteers who defended the Alamo.

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Davy Crockett (15)

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a well-known Texas "freedom fighter" who with William Travis and Davy Crockett defended the Alamo.

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James Bowie (15)

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the commander of the Texas revolutionary army who continued the war against General Santa Ana's army.

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Sam Houston (15)

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the battle cry of Sam Houston's troops when they launched a surprise attack against Gen. Santa Ana near the San Jacinto River.

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"remember the Alamo" (15)

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Texas is known by this name.

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Lone Star State (15)

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to add a territory to a country.

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annex (15)

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one of the presidential candidates in the 1844 elections who was against the annexation of Texas, warning that, "annexation and war with Mexico are identical."

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Henry Clay (15)

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Henry Clay's opponent in the 1844 presidential election, he was a strong believer in manifest destiny and acquired Texas after he was elected president.

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James K. Polk (15)

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the enormous tree-covered wilderness which stretched from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, it was bounded to the north by Russian Alaska and to the south by Spanish California and New Mexico; it was claimed by four nations - Russia, Spain, Great Britain, and the United States.

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Oregon (15)

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a small band of explorers to the Oregon coast between 1804 and 1806 led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark.

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Lewis and Clark Expedition (15)

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one of two leaders of the small band of explorers to the Oregon coast.

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Meriwether Lewis (15)

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one of two leaders of the small band of explorers to the Oregon coast.

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William Clark (15)

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a young fur trapper who in 1824 found a passage through the Rocky Mountains called the South Pass.

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Jedidiah Smith (15)

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a low and flat area enough for wagons to use in crossing the Rocky Mountains to Oregon territory found in 1824 by a fur trader named Jedidiah Smith.

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South Pass (15)

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people who accept a new religion.

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converts (15)

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how early settlers who wrote letters home described Oregon.

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"Pioneer's Paradise" (15)

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the name used to describe the mass exodus of pioneers to seettle in Oregon.

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"Oregon Fever" (15)

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he won the 1844 presidential elections by promising that he would not rest until the United States had annexed all of Oregon country.

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James K. Polk (15)

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Texas claimed that this river was the border of Mexico on the south and the west.

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Rio Grande (15)

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the Mexican president who went to war with the United States over the border dispute in 1846 saying that "a greedy people have thrown themselves on our territory . . . the time has come to fight."

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Mariano Paredes (15)

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the U.S. general who led the army of the west of Kansas to occupy New Mexico and then continue west to California.

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Stephen Kearny (15)

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an explorer who led a group of Americans to rebel against Mexican ruled California, they arrested and jailed Gen. Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, the Mexican commander of northern California.

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John C. Fremont (15)

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the Mexican commander of northern California, he was arrested and jailed by a group of rebellious Americans led by the explorer John C. Fremont.

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Gen. Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo (15)

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the name California was known as after John C. Fremont and his group took northern California from the Mexicans.

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Bear Flag Republic (15)

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"Old Rough and Ready," he was a no-nonsense general who led the American troops to Mexico.

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Zachary Taylor (15)

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the name Gen. Zachary Taylor's men fondly called him because of his backwoods clothes.

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"Old Rough and Ready" (15)

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the Mexican general who had marched north to meet American General Zachary Taylor with an army of 20,000 Mexican troops at the ranch called Buena Vista.

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Gen. Santa Ana (15)

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"Old Fuss and Feathers," he led the American forces and landed at Veracruz in southern Mexico and for six months fought their way to Mexico City.

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Winfield Scott (15)

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the nickname given to this American general in the Mexican War who was a stickler for discipline and love of fancy uniform.

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"Old Fuss and Feathers" (15)

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the six young military cadets who fought bravely to defend the fortress of Chapultepec who chose to die fighting rather than surrender.

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"Los Ninos Heroes" (15)

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the treaty in 1848 between Mexico and the United States which gave up Texas and a vast region known as the Mexican Cession to the United States.

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (15)

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the vast region which included the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico, as well as parts of Colorado and Wyoming given up to the United States in 1848 under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

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Mexican Cession (15)

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something that is given up.

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cession (15)

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a senator who arranged the purchase of a strip of land just south of the Mexican Cession for $10 million in 1853.

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James Gadsden (15)

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a strip of land just south of the Mexican Cession acquired for $10 million in 1853 through senator James Gadsden.

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Gadsden Purchase (15)