World War Two

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D-Day

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June 6, 1944: The World War II D-Day invasion of Normandy, France

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Anschluss

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The invasion of Austria by Germany in March 1938. 'It means 'connection' in German. It has been prohibited in the Treaty of Versailles

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Appeasement

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A diplomatic policy aimed at avoiding war by making concessions to an aggressor. The policy of giving someone what they want, so that they will be happy and stop.

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Aryan

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A non-Jewish Caucasian, especially one of Nordic type, supposed to be part of a master-race.

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Battle of Britain

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World War II air campaign by the German Luftwaffe against the United Kingdom in the summer of 1940.

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Battle of the Bulge

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A German offensive from the 16th of December 1944 to the 25th of January 1945, it was launched towards the end of World War II through the forest region of Ardennes in Belgium

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Blitzkrieg

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A word for the German forces' type of fighting in World War II which focused on concentrating all forces to break through at very high speed and then once that has been done, ignore the flanks, the idea was to make it very hard to attack because the enemy was always off balance and could not plan on how to fight the blitzkrieg

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Bombing of Dresden

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Attack on the city of Dresden in Saxony, Germany by the Allies in the last months of WW2, causing thousands of civilian casualties

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Bombing of Hamburg

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Hamburg was bombed by the Allies in July 1943 killing 42,600 civilians and wounding 37,000

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Dr. Oppenheimer

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He developed the atomic bomb with other people.

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Einzsatzgruppen

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SS paramilitary death squads that were responsible for mass killings. Mainly Jewish people

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Emperor Hirohito

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Was the 124th Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order, reigning from December 25, 1926, until his death in 1989. He was the head of state under the limitation of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan during Japan's imperial expansion, militarization, and involvement in World War II. After the war, he was not prosecuted for war crimes. During the postwar period, he became the symbol of the new state

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Fascism

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An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization where the needs of the state outweigh the needs of the individual

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Fat Man

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The codename for the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki Japan by the US on the 9th of August 1945. It was the second nuclear weapon dropped

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General McCarthur

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Was an American general and field marshal of the Philippine Army. He was a Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II. General of the Pacific fleet.

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Gestapo

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Nazi secret police

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Heinrich Himmler

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As Chief of the German Police and the Minister of the Interior from 1943, he oversaw all internal and external police and security forces. He was one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany and one of the persons most directly responsible for the Holocaust.

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Hermann Goering

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German politician, military leader, and a leading member of the Nazi Party and head if Luftwaffe

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Joseph Goebells

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He was a German poilitician and Reich Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany from 1933-1945. He was one of Hitlers closest associates and most devout followers

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Lebensraum

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Translation: Livings space. Territory or state that a nation believes they need for their development ( Nazis thought the whole world was their lebensraum!)

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Little Boy

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The name of the gun type nuclear weapon that was dropped on Hiroshima on the August 6, 1945

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Manhattan Project

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The research and development of the atomic bomb

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Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact

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Also known as the treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Soviet Union, it was a treaty of peace between

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Operation Barbarossa

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The code name for Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during the Second World War. Beginning on 22 June 1941, over 3.9 million troopers of the Axis powers invaded the USSR along a 2,900 km front, the largest invasion in the history of warfare

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Pact of Steal

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Known formally as the Pact of Friendship and Alliance between Germany and Italy, was an agreement between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany signed on May 22, 1939, by the foreign ministers of each country.

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Panzer

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A German tanked used in World War two.

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Phoney War

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a phase at the start of World war two following the declaration of Britains entrance in the war against Germany in which there was a lack of military operations from all major powers

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Reinhard Heydrich

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Born 7 March 1904 - 4 June 1942. He was a high-ranking German Nazi official during World War II, and one of the main architects of the Holocaust

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Rudolph Hess

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Born 26 April 1894 - 17 August 1987. He was a prominent Nazi politician who was Adolf Hitler's deputy in the Nazi Party during the 1930s and early 1940s. He parachuted to Scotland to appease the Allies.

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Stormtroopers (SA)

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Storm troopers in English, functioned as a paramilitary organization to the National Socialist German Workers' Party (or Nazi Party). It played a key role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power in the 1920s and 1930s

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Sudetenland

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This was part of Germany until 1806 and of the German Confederation between 1815 and 1866. After the First World War the Sudetenland (some 11,000 square miles) became part of Czechoslovakia

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Wehrmacht

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The German army

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Battle of Midway

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On June 4th, 1942, U.S. forces defeated the Japanese navy at this decisive battle near Midway Island in the South Pacific. Americans lost one carrier to the Japanese 4 carriers and lost 150 planes to Japan's 200 planes lost.

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Lend-lease Act of 1944

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The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 permitted the United States to lend or lease weapons, military vessels, and other supplies to the Allies. The act seemed to contradict President Franklin Roosevelt's promise of American neutrality and hinted at the likelihood of U.S. involvement in World War II

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Potsdam Conference

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From July 17th to August 2nd, 1945, leaders of the major Allied powers—United States President Harry Truman, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin, and British Prime Minister Clement Attlee—met in Potsdam, Germany to continue negotiations over plans for the postwar world that had begun several months earier in Yalta.

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Yalta Conference

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From February 4th to February 11th, 1945, leaders of the major Allied power—United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet President Joseph Stalin—met at the Crimean resort of Yalta to make arrangements for the postwar world. Determined to protect his nation from future German aggression, Stalin claimed the right to dominate large portions of eastern Europe

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British Expeditionary Force (BEF)

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British forces which fought against the Germans in France in 1940

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Charles de Gaulle

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Leader of Free France during world war two. He set up government out of Britain.

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Dunkirk

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Seaport in Northern France and site of the evacuation of British forces from May 29-June 4, 1940

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Final Solution

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Nazi plan to kill the entire Jewish population in Europe dating from spring 1942, although hundreds of thousands of Jews already had been killed by death squads and in mass pogroms (see below) before this time