World History 125

Front 1

Black Death

Back 1

A plague that swept across Asia, Middle East, and Europe due to travel and trade between West and East/ East and West. Bubonic/pneumonic plague. Resulted in lack of faith in the Catholic Church and helped spark the Protestant Revolution.

Front 2

Ibn Battuta

Back 2

A Moroccan explorer who traveled North Africa, Horn of Africa, West Africa, Eastern Europe, Middle East, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, and China.

Front 3

Marco Polo

Back 3

A Venetian merchant who traveled from Europe to Beijing in Northeast China and back along the Silk Road. Introduced Asian culture to Westerners.

Front 4

Kublai Khan

Back 4

Fifth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire and founder of Yuan dynasty of China. Believed to have spread Islam to parts of China. Ruled from 1260 to 1294.

Front 5

Genghis Khan

Back 5

Founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. He united the tribes of Northeast Asia.

Front 6

Mongol Empire

Back 6

Established in 1206, the Mongol Empire was the largest land empire in history that stretched from central Europe to the Sea of Japan, north past Siberia and as south as Northern India and Indochina.

Front 7

Silk Road

Back 7

A trade route between between East Asia and Europe. Brought luxury goods, knowledge, and people from West to East and East to West.

Front 8

Indian Ocean

Back 8

An important body of water for trade between Europe and Asia. Explored by Zheng He, Vasco de Gama, and other sailors.

Front 9

Eurocentrism

Back 9

A worldview centered on European exceptionalism; it states that Western civilization is more important in terms of historical value.

Front 10

Martin Luther

Back 10

A German Priest who led the Protestant Reformation and challenged the Catholic Church.

Front 11

Protestant Reformation

Back 11

The schism between the Catholic and Protestant Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin, and other reformers. Questioned the motives and doctrine of Catholic Church.

Front 12

Crusades

Back 12

Military campaigns sanctioned by the Latin Catholic Church during the High Middle Ages and Late Middle Ages. In 1095, Pope Urban II proclaimed the first Crusade with the stated goal of restoring Christian access to holy places in and near Jerusalem.

Front 13

Reconquista

Back 13

A period of 781 years in the history of the Iberian Peninsula; the Spanish Catholics forced Islam out of the region with the fall of Granada.

Front 14

Christopher Columbus

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Italian explorer who reached the Americas in 1492 after obtaining sponsorship from Spain.

Front 15

Vasco da Gama

Back 15

Portuguese explored who was the first to reach India by sea. He went around the horn of Africa.

Front 16

Coffee Houses

Back 16

Ottoman hangouts for men where coffee was enjoyed whilst watching shows and socializing.

Front 17

Suleiman the Magnificent

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Longest reigning emperor of the Ottoman/Turkish Empire.

Front 18

Janissaries

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Elite soldiers; taken as children from Christian families, converted to Islam, and trained to be skilled warriors. They were also eunuchs.

Front 19

Ottoman Empire

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Sunni Islamic State that began in Turkey in 1299 CE and defeated the Byzantine Empire. Controlled Southeast Europe, Western Asia, Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa.

Front 20

European Renaissance

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A period from 14th to 17th centuries. Featured advancements in art and intellectual pursuits.

Front 21

Venice and Genoa

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Economic rivals that struggled for dominance in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Front 22

Zheng He

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Fleet Admiral during Ming Dynasty. Explored East Asia, Southeast Asia, India, Middle East, and Africa. Acquired silver for China.

Front 23

Red Turban Movement

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An uprising influenced by White Lotus Society (overthrowers of Yuan dynasty). Gave rise to Han China.

Front 24

Ming Dynasty

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Ruling dynasty of China for 276 years following the collapse of Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. Known for exploration and orderly government.

Front 25

Smallpox

Back 25

Disease imported to natives that killed a majority of the Meso-American population.

Front 26

Colombian Exchange

Back 26

A period of cultural and biological exchanges between the new and old worlds. Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases, and technology transformed native American ways of life.

Front 27

MesoAmerica

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A region and cultural area in the Americas, extending approximately from Central America to northern Costa Rica.

Front 28

Cahokia

Back 28

City-empire located in the Mississippi.

Front 29

Incan Empire

Back 29

Largest empire in pre-contact Americas. Located in Cusco in modern day Peru.

Front 30

Tenochtitlan

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Aztec city-state and capital of the empire. Largest city in pre-contact empire.

Front 31

Aztec Empire

Back 31

Triple alliance between Nahua city-states of Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan. Rule MesoAmerica from 1428 until their defeat by Cortes in 1521.