Happiness

Front 1

assert: (əˈsɜːt)

He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.

Back 1

to state firmly that something is true

Front 2

deed:

After the morning’s good deeds he deserved a rest.

She tried to strangle her baby and her lover helped her finish the evil deed.

Back 2

something someone does, especially something that is very good or very bad

Front 3

1: esteem:

The critics held him in high esteem as an actor.

2: self-esteem:

Playing a sport can boost a girl’s self-esteem.

raise/build (up)/boost somebody’s self-esteem

Back 3

1: a feeling of respect for someone, or a good opinion of someone.

2: the feeling of being satisfied with your own abilities, and that you deserve to be liked or respected

Front 4

graft: (V.)

New elements are being grafted onto our traditional form of government.

graft something onto something

Back 4

to add something very different to something, so that it becomes part of it

Front 5

intervene in: (V.)

The police don’t usually like to intervene in disputes between husbands and wives.

intervention (n.)

Back 5

to become involved in an argument, fight, or other difficult situation in order to change what happens

Front 6

longing:

She looked back with longing on the good old days.

His heart was filled with longing for Cynthia.

She felt a longing to throw herself into his arms.

longing for / longing in

Back 6

a strong feeling of wanting something or someone

Front 7

manner:

1: I had hoped you would behave in a more responsible manner.

manner of doing something

in a ... manner

2: Something in Beth’s manner towards him had changed.

manner towards

Back 7

1: the way in which something is done or happens

2: the way in which someone behaves towards or talks to other people

Front 8

frantic:

I spent three frantic days trying to get everything ready

There was a frantic rush to escape from the building.

frantic pace/rush/haste

Back 8

extremely hurried and using a lot of energy, but not very organized SYN hectic

Front 9

facilitate: (fəˈsɪləteɪtə)

Computers can be used to facilitate language learning.

facilitator / faciliatation (n.)

Back 9

to make it easier for a process or activity to happen.

Front 10

Correlation:

There is a direct correlation between the best-known brands and the best-selling brands.

correlation between

Back 10

a connection between two ideas, facts etc, especially when one may be the cause of the other

Front 11

restraint: (n.)

1: The police were praised for their restraint in handling the demonstrators.

He urged the millions of protesters to exercise restraint

2: The government has imposed restraints on corporate mergers.

restrain (v.) / restrained (adj.)

Back 11

1: calm sensible controlled behaviour, especially in a situation when it is difficult to stay calm SYN self-control

2: a rule or principle that limits what people can do

Front 12

description:

Berlin sounds fascinating from your description.

describe (v.) / describable OP indescribable / descriptive (adj.)

Back 12

a piece of writing or speech that gives details about what someone or something is like

Front 13

recession:

the economic recession of the early 1980s

attempts to pull the country out of recession

Back 13

difficult time when there is less trade, business activity etc in a country than usual

a period when a country’s economic growth stops and there is less trade SYN downturn / slump

Front 14

leisure: (n.)

Most people now enjoy shorter working hours and more leisure time.Watching television is now the nation’s most popular leisure activity.

leisure time

leisurely: (adj.)

After lunch we went for a leisurely stroll.working at a leisurely pace

Back 14

time when you are not working or studying and can relax and do things you enjoy.

if you do something in a leisurely way, you do it in a slow relaxed way, without hurrying

Front 15

fiercely: (adv.)

1: The idea was fiercely opposed by nationalists.It is a fiercely competitive market.Maria was fiercely independent.2: He stared fiercely into my eyes.‘Don’t you dare laugh!’ she said fiercely

fierce (adj.)

Back 15

1: strongly or severely

2: in an angry way

Front 16

ache: 1: His feet were aching from standing so long.

2: I’m aching for sleep.

He ached to reach out and hold her close.

ache for / ache to do something

Back 16

if part of your body aches, you feel a continuous, but not very sharp pain there SYN hurt

2: to want to do or have something very much

Front 17

intellectual:

1: a job that requires considerable intellectual effort

intellectual development/ability/activity

2: Mark’s very intellectual

Back 17

1: relating to the ability to understand things and think intelligently. = mental

2: an intellectual person is well-educated and interested in serious ideas and subjects such as science, literature = academic

Front 18

notion:

misguided notions of male superiority.The traditional notion of marriage goes back thousands of years.She had only a vague notion of what she wanted to do.

notion of / notion that

Back 18

an idea, belief, or opinion

Front 19

confront:

The problems confronting the new government were enormous.

We try to help people confront their problems

Back 19

to deal with something very difficult or unpleasant in a brave and determined way

Front 20

strive:

I was still striving to be successful.We must continue to strive for greater efficiency.

strive to do something

strive for/after

Back 20

to make a great effort to achieve something

Front 21

interval:

The interval between arrest and trial can be up to six months.

at regular intervals:

The phone rang at regular intervals all afternoon.

Back 21

the period of time between two events, activities etc

something that happens at regular intervals happens often

Front 22

trivial: (adj.)

We were punished for the most trivial offences.

a trivial summer

Her feelings for Simon seemed trivial by comparison.

trivial problem/matter/complaint

Back 22

not serious, important, or valuable

Front 23

hypothesis:

One hypothesis is that the victim fell asleep while driving.

We hope that further research will confirm our hypothesis.

prove/test/support a hypothesis / hypothesis about

hypothetical (adj.) / hypothesize (v.)

Back 23

an idea that is suggested as an explanation for something, but that has not yet been proved to be true SYN theory

Front 24

procrastinate: (prəˈkræstəneɪt)

People often procrastinate when it comes to paperwork.

procrastination (prəˌkræstəˈneɪʃən)

Back 24

formal to delay doing something that you ought to do, usually because you do not want to do it SYN put off = delay

Front 25

adolescent: (ˌædəˈlesənt)

adolescent girls

Back 25

a young person, usually between the ages of 12 and 18, who is developing into an adult = child / young

Front 26

affluent: (adj.)

an affluent family with luxury activities

affluence (n.)

Back 26

formal having plenty of money, nice houses, expensive things SYN wealthy

Front 27

Dispute: (n.)

The firm is involved in a legal dispute with a rival company.He got into a dispute over a taxi fare.

dispute over/with/between

resolve/settle a dispute

get into a dispute

a bitter/fierce dispute

Back 27

a serious argument or disagreement

Front 28

flourish: (v.)

The economy is booming and small businesses are flourishing.

Back 28

to develop well and be successful SYN thrive

Front 29

foster:

1: The bishop helped foster the sense of a community embracing all classes.2: The couple wanted to adopt a black child they had been fostering.

Back 29

to help a skill, feeling, idea etc develop over a period of time SYN encourage, promote

to take someone else’s child into your family for a period of time but without becoming their legal parent = adopt

Front 30

outlook: He’s got a good outlook on life.Exercise will improve your looks and your outlook.She still has an optimistic outlook for the future.

outlook on / positive/optimistic outlook

Back 30

your general attitude to life and the world

Front 31

conservation: wildlife conservationa local conservation group

conserve (v.) = preserve

Back 31

the protection of natural things such as animals, plants, forests etc, to prevent them from being spoiled or destroyed SYN preservation

Front 32

prosperity:

a time of economic prosperity

the future prosperity of the country

prosperity of

Back 32

when people have money and everything that is needed for a good life

Front 33

rural: (adj.)

a rural setting

rural bus routes

The authors point out that their study was done in a rural area and results may differ with urban clients.

Back 33

happening in or relating to the countryside, not the city OPP urban

Front 34

tackle:

It took twelve fire engines to tackle the blaze.

tackle a problem/issue/question

tackle something head-on

Back 34

to try to deal with a difficult problem There is more than one way to tackle the problem.

Front 35

vice: (n.)

1: the fight against vice on the streetsThe police have smashed a vice ring (=a group of criminals involved in vice) in Chicago.2: Smoking is my only vice.

Back 35

1: criminal activities that involve sex or drugs

2: [countable] a bad habit

Front 36

spiritual:

Painting helps fill a spiritual need for beauty.

Spiritual values.

Back 36

relating to your spirit rather than to your body or mind

Front 37

discrimination:

laws to prevent discrimination.

Widespread discrimination against older people in the job market.

Discrimination in favour of university graduates.

discrimination against

discrimination in favour ofracial/sex/religious etc discrimination

discriminate (v.) / discriminatory (adj.)

Back 37

the practice of treating one person or group differently from another in an unfair way

Front 38

criterion: (pl: criteria)

The criteria we use to select candidates.

The criteria for measuring how good schools are.

Academic ability is not the sole criterion for admission to the college.

A universal set of criteria for diagnosing patients.

To qualify for a grant, students must satisfy certain criteria.

meet/satisfy/fulfil criteria

criterion for

Back 38

a standard that you use to judge something or make a decision about something

Front 39

pursue:

She plans to pursue a career in politics.

Students should pursue their own interests, as well as do their school work.Companies that pursue the traditional goal of profits.A campaign promise to pursue policies that will help the poor.

pursue a goal/aim/objective etc

Back 39

to continue doing an activity or trying to achieve something over a long period of time

Front 40

acute: (əˈkjuːt)

The housing shortage is more acute than first thought.

Back 40

an acute problem is very serious

Front 41

excessive:

His excessive drinking.

$15 for two beers seems a little excessive.

Back 41

much more than is reasonable or necessary

Front 42

attitude: (n.)

As soon as they found out I was a doctor, their whole attitude changed.

The people have a very positive attitude to life.

attitude to/towards

attitudinal (adj.)

Back 42

the opinions and feelings that you usually have about something, especially when this is shown in your behaviour

Front 43

necessity:

She saw books as a necessity, not a luxury.

A car is an absolute necessity if you live in the country.

A lot of families cannot even afford to buy the basic necessities of life.

the basic/bare necessities

Back 43

something that you need to have in order to live OPP luxury