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169 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a major contributing factor to increased deformity and pressure sore development arising from wheelchairs?
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inaccurate measurement
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Should wheelchair measurements be taken while the patient is seated or in a wheelchair?
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while seated, not in a wheelchair
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What are three disadvantages of vinyl sling seating in terms of hip and pelvic positions?
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pelvic tilt
hip internal rotation hip adduction |
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What is the ideal seat width for a manual wheelchair?
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hip width (with clothes and any bracing)
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What is the maximum width more than the patient's hip width for a manual wheelchair?
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1 inch
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What is the width greater than the patient's hip width allowed for a power WC?
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<1 inch
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What is the risk of having more than the recommended seat width?
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scoliosis
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What is the risk of a too narrow seat width?
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pressure sores on greater trochanters
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What activity is more difficult with a too narrow seat width?
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transfers
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What is the measurement taken for seat depth?
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dorsal buttocks to popliteal fossa - 1/2 inch
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A too shallow seat depth will result in pressure sores on what structure?
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ischial tuberosities
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What is the measurement for seat height?
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bottom of heel of shoe to posterior thigh - compressed seat cushion height + 3-4 inches
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What is the compression of a foam cushion (in %)?
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50%
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What is the measurement for seat height for a foot drive or hemiplegic chair to allow adequate heel strike for foot propulsion?
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bottom of heel of shoe-posterior thigh - compressed seat cushion height
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What will happen to a patient who attempts to foot propel a WC while sitting in a too high seat?
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slide out of the chair
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For a patient who propels the WC with his arms, the back support height should be just below what bony landmark?
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inferior angle of the scapula
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A too low back support height will not provide adequate support to what area of the body?
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trunk
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What is the measurement for back support height?
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bottom of buttocks to inferior angle of scapula + compressed cushion height
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In a patient with good truncal support a back support height lower than the inferior angle of scapula puts the patient at greater risk for what?
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lumbar hyperextension
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In a patient with poor truncal and UE stability, the back support height should be at what bony landmark?
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just under the shoulder at the spine of the scapula
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What is the measurement for "top of the headrest" support?
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bottom of buttocks to the top of the cranium + compressed seat cushion - 2-4 inches
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What is typical footrest floor clearance?
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2 inches
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What is the measurement for the footrest?
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heel of shoe to popliteal fossa
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What are the two purposes of a tilt-in-space wheelchair?
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perform weight shifts
minimize skin breakdown |
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How many degrees can a semi-recliner chair recline?
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120 degrees
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How many degrees can a full recliner recline?
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180 degrees
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What is the minimum increase in reclining WC base length than a regular WC?
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3 inches
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What forces increase with reclining position?
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shear
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What pathological reaction to a power recliner may occur?
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increase spasticity due to hip position change
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What is a primary advantage of a power recliner?
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independent pressure relief
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What is the minimum tilt (in degrees) for effective pressure redistribution in a tilt-in-space system?
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45 degrees
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In a tilt-in-space system weight is shifted from the seat to what?
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the seat back
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What are 4 major advantages of a tilt-in-space system?
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minimizes shear
independent pressure relief assist in orthostatic episodes |
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What type of urine bag valve is necessary while using a tilt-in-space system?
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anti-reflux valve
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What has tighter turning radius a recliner or tilt-in-space?
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tilt-in-space
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What provides more pressure relief, a recliner at 180 degrees or a tilt in space?
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recliner at 180
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What is the measurement for armrests?
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buttocks to bottom of 90 degree bent elbow + height of compressed seat cushion
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What are 3 functions of a wheelchair armrest?
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glenohumeral support
weigh shift support pressure relief |
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What is a disadvantage of a fixed armrest?
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precludes lateral transfers to and from the wheelchair
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What is an advantage of a removable armrest?
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allows lateral transfers
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What is the most commonly prescribed armrest?
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removable desk length armrest
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What is an advantage of a tubular armrest?
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forearm clearance during propulsion
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What is the preferred armrest of SCI patients?
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swing-away or flip-up
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What is heavier, mag or spoke wheels?
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mag
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A forward rear wheel provides more stability or maneuverablity?
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maneuverability
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A more posterior rear wheel provides more stability or maneuverability?
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stability
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What has greater rolling resitance, a more forward or posterior wheel?
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posterior
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What requires more energy for propulsion, a more forward or posterior wheel?
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posterior
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What has a greater turning radius, a more posterior or forwrad wheel?
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posterior
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What exacerbates anterior shoulder pain, a more forward or posterior wheel?
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posterior
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A more antrior or posterior wheel relieves shoulder pain?
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anterior
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A more anterior or posterior wheel has less rolling resistence?
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anterior
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A more anterior or posterior wheel has a smaller turning radius?
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anterior
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What tire has very low rolling resistence, a solid rubber or pneumatic tire?
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solid rubber
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What is heavier a solid rubber or pneumatic tire?
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solid rubber
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What tire is best on carpeting, a solid rubber or pneumatic tire?
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pneumatic
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What is the wheel angle against the vertical axis where the bottom of the wheel is out farther than the top of the wheel?
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camber
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What are 3 advantages of camber?
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improves:
propulsion stability turning |
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What is the range of available camber (in degrees)
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2-12 degrees
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What are 2 disadvantages of camber?
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increases:
width and tire wear |
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What is the width of a standard doorway?
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28 inches
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What 3 conditions are an indication for a one-hand drive wheelchair?
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plexus injury
amputation hemiplegia |
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What is a disadvantage of a one-hand drive wheelchair?
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repetitive stress injury
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A larger or smaller caster provides for more maneuverabilty and less turning radius?
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smaller caster
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On what two surfaces does a smaller caster perform less well?
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outdoor surfaces
carpeting |
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What is the standard sized caster (in inches)?
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8 inch
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What is the typical caster used on an ultralight chair?
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5 inch
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What size caster is used on children's chairs?
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5 inch
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A more posteriorly placed caster decreases what two wheelchair characteristics?
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decreases turning radius and
stability |
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A more posterioly placed caster increases what wheelchair characteristic?
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maneuverability
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What are the two components of a footrest?
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support bracket and foot plate
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How are footrests measured?
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heel of shoe to popliteal fossa
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What type of footrest is most common - swing-away or fixed?
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swing-away
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What footrest is used for a paralyzed limb, fixed or swing-away?
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fixed
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For a patient who cannot stand (i.e. an SCI patient) and performs lateral transfers, what footrest is used - fixed or swing-away?
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fixed
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What are the 3 components of a leg rest?
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support bracket
foot plate calf pad` |
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What are 4 indications for an elevating leg rest?
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dependent edema
severe knee arthritis BKA knee extension contracture |
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What condition is a relative contraindaction to an elevating leg rest?
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tight hamstrings
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What are 3 disadvantages of an elevating leg rest?
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increases:
weight repair length of wheelchair |
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Where is a pressure increase in a footrest that is too low?
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posterior thigh
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In what 2 areas is there a pressure increase in a too high footrest?
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ischial tuberosities
sacrum |
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What is the weight of a titanium wheelchair?
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under 20 lbs
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What is the weight of an ultra-light wheelchair?
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under 30 lbs
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What is the weight range of a standard wheelchair?
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40-65 lbs
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What is the weight range of a lightweight wheelchair?
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30-35 lbs
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What two cushions provide the best pressure relief?
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contourd foam with gel insert
air filled villous |
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What cushion provides the best seating stability?
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coated contoured foam
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What two cushions provide the best heat dissipation?
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air-filled villous
coated contoured foam |
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What cushion has poor cleanability?
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foam
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What cushion has the best durability?
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contoured foam with gel insert
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What two cushions are the most expensive?
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contoured foam with gel insert
air filled villous |
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What type of wheel lock is recommended for use with a swing-away foot rest?
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pull-to-lock
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What wheel lock may interfere with transfers?
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high-mounted lock
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What wheel lock accessory may be need by a hemiplegic patient who cannot reach from the ipsilateral side?
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brake extensions
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What wheelchair accessory prevent the wheelchair from rolloing backwards on an incline?
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grade aids
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What device prevents a wheelchair from falling backwards or forwards?
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anti-tippers
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What are 4 indications for anti-tipper devices on a wheelchair?
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limited sit-to-stand transfers
AKA ataxia SCI |
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What is a metabolic advantage of a power assist wheelchair?
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lower O2 consumption
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What is a cardiovascular advantage of a power assist wheelchair?
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lower heart rate
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What is a body mechanic advantage of a power assist wheel chair?
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reduce the risk of upper extremity injury and neuropathy
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In a sip and puff control, a hard puff commands what action?
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forward motion
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In a sip and puff control a soft puff commands what action?
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right turn
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In a sip and puff control a soft sip commands what action?
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left turn
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What two actions does a hard sip command in a sip and puff control?
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stop and reverse
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What mobility system can smoothly negotiate uneven terrain, stairs, and elevate the seated user to a standing height?
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iBOT 4000
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What core technology allows the iBOT 4000 its functionality?
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gyroscope
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What 2 capabilities does the iBOT 4000 lack?
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passive standing
power controlled weight shifts |
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What level SCI can use a power, manual, or power assist WC?
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C6 tetra
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What type of WC for a C2-C4 tetra?
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power WC
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What are 4 elements of the WC seating for a C2-C4 tetra?
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high seat back
head rest hip guides trunk support |
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What type of arm rests for a C2-C4 tetra?
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removable or flip-back
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If orthostasis is a concern in a C2-C4 tetra, what type of leg rests are indicated?
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elevating swing-away
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What type of footrests for a C2-C4 tetra?
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with heel loops
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Is a pelvic belt required for a C2-C4 tetra?
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yes
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What 2 cushions are appropriate for a C2-C4 tetra?
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air filled villous or contoured foam with gel insert
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What type of WC is indicated for a C5 tetra?
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power WC with power tilt or recline
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What4 seat supports are necessary for a C5 tetra?
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high seat back
headrest hip guides trunk supports |
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What is the upper extremity support for a C2-C4 or C5 tetra?
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lap tray or arm trough
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What type of armrests are indicated for a C5?
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removable or flip back adjustable height armrests
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What 2 length arm pads are indicated for a C5 tetra?
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full lenghth or desk length arm pads
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What arm pad is indicated for a C2-C4 tretra?
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full length
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What legrests are indicated for a C5 tetra?
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swing-away or removable elevating
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What foot rest is indicated for a C5?
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footrest with heel loop
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What lower extremity accessory is necessary for tetras who have hamstring tightness?
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foot support
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What two types of tires are indicated for a C2-C4 or C5 tetra?
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solid or pneumatic
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What type of seat is indicated for all SCI patients?
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solid seat
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What two types of cushion are indicated for a C5 tetra?
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air filled villous or contoured foam with gel insert
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What height seat back can a C6 tetra tolerate?
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back support just below the inferior angle of the scapula as long as power tilt or reclince are not ordered
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For what level tetra is a power tilt or recline not necessary?
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C6 tetra
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What legrests are indicated for a C6 tetra?
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swing-away or removable elevating
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What 2 seats are indicated for all SCI patientsw?
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air filled villous or contoured foam with gel insert
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What seat is indicated for all SCI patients?
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solid seat
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What level tetra is independent to some assist in a manual WC with adaptations?
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C5
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What are two adaptations possibly required for a C5 manual WC?
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coated handrim or power assist
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What manual WC is indicated for a C6 tetra?
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ultra lightweight with solid back
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What is the seat back height for C6 manual WC and all SCI level below?
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just below the inferior angle of the scapula
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What axle is indicated for C6 manual WC and all SCI below?
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adjustable axle wheel position
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What WC brake is indicated for C6, C7 and T1 manual WC?
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brake extensions
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What two armrests are indicated for a C6, C7 and T1 manual WC
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removable desk length or tubular armrests
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What two LE accessories are indicated for all C6 and below SCI patient using a manual WC?
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swing away footrest with heel loops or rigid footplate with legstrap
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Anti-tippers are indicated until WC skills are developed for what level SCI patients?
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C6 manual and below
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High pressure pneumatic tires with lowest rolling resistance or Kevlar tires may be used for what SCI levels?
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C7 and below
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What axle position is indicated for C6 tetra manual WC and below?
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more anterior, for better maneuverability
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For what two SCI levels are modified handrims indicated?
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C6 manual and C7/T1
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For what level SCI is a pelvic seat belt required?
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all
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What WC is indicated for an ortho patient with bilat LE edema?
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standard
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What two types of armrests are indicated for an ortho patient with bilat LE edema or s/p MI?
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removable full length or desk top armrests
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What two legrests are indicated for an ortho patient with bilat LE edema or s/p MI?
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elevating swing-away or removable
footrest with heel loop |
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What type of tire is indicated for any ortho patient?
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solid rubber
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What seat is recommended for an ortho patient, solid or sling?
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solid
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What seat cushion is recommend for an ortho patient?
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moderate pressure relief
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What WC is indicated for an ortho patient s/p MI?
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lightweight WC
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What two types of WC are indicated for an amputee?
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lightweight or ultralightweight with amputee axle
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What is an amputee axle?
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wheels set more posterior for more stable center of gravity
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What two UE WC supports are indicated for an amputee?
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removable desk length or
full length is patient has difficulty transferring |
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What LE WCaccessory is indicated for the amputated side?
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amputee board
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What two WC legrests are indicated for the unaffected side of an amputee?
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swing-away or removable if necessary for circulation or swing-away footrest with heel loops
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What seat accessory is indicated for an amputee WC?
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solid seat with amputee extension
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What two WCs are indicated for a hemiplegic patient?
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lightweight or ultralightweight with adjustable axle plate
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What 2 UE WC supports are indicated in a hemiplegic patient?
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removable desk length or full length
arm trough or half lap tray |
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Is a brake extension placed on the involved or uninvolved side of hemiplegic WC?
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involved side
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What WC leg rest is indicated for the hemiplegic side?
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elevating, swing-away
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What legrest is indicated for the unaffected side of a hemiplegic WC?
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none or swing-away with heel loop when being propelled by others
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What 2 tires are indicated for a hemiplegic WC?
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pneumatic with airless inserts or pneumatic
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What WC is indicated for the general para athlete?
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ultralightweight 19 lbs
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What two wheel locks are indicated for the para athlete?
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low mount or scissor
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What armrests are indicated for the para athlete WC?
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none
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What footrest is indicated for the para athlete WC?
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rigid footplate with leg strap
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What two tires are indicated for a para athlete WC?
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solid rubber or high pressure pneumatic with low rolling resitance
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