Week 8.4 Mt Fundamentals-Ophthalmology

Front 1

the optic disk is also known as:

Back 1

the optic nerve head

Front 2

shallow central depression on the optic disk is known as:

Back 2

the cup

Front 3

the blind spot of the eye:

Back 3

optic disk;
(where the arteries & veins enter the eye)

Front 4

central portion of the retina concerned with central vision and the most sensitive part of the eye:

Back 4

the macula lutea;
(macula)

Front 5

bundle of fibers that carry the visual impulses to the brain:

Back 5

optic tracts

Front 6

location of the anterior chamber: (between . . . )

Back 6

between the cornea and the iris

Front 7

location of the posterior chamber: (between. . . )

Back 7

between the iris and the lens

Front 8

the medial junction or angle between the upper and lower eyelids is called:

Back 8

inner canthus

Front 9

the lateral or temporal (outer) angle between the upper and lower eyelids is called:

Back 9

the outer canthus

Front 10

the specific name for the conjunctiva covering the scleral surface:

Back 10

bulbar conjunctiva

Front 11

the specific name for the conjunctiva lining the underside of the eyelids:

Back 11

palpebral conjunctiva

Front 12

tears are produced by:

Back 12

lacrimal gland

Front 13

tears are drained by way of:

Back 13

lacrimal puncta

Front 14

minute openings at the inner canthus:

Back 14

lacrimal puncta

Front 15

name the 3 SPECIFIC cranial nerves that control eye movement:

Back 15

cranial nerve III=oculomotor nerve;
cranial nerve IV=trochlear nerve;
cranial nerve VI=abducens nerve

Front 16

_________ controls focus

Back 16

ciliary body

Front 17

__________controls light/dark adaptation

Back 17

iris

Front 18

a pupil that constricts when the subject focuses on a near object, but not when the eye is stimulated with light;
due to central nervous system disease, most often syphilis:

Back 18

Argyll Robertson pupil;
one which is miotic and which responds to accommodation effort, but not to light.

Front 19

tapering of a venule where an arteriole crosses it:

Back 19

AV (arteriovenous) nicking

Front 20

spasm of the eyelids, usually due to local irritation, photophobia, or both:

Back 20

blepharospasm

Front 21

marked watery edema and bulging of the conjunctiva:

Back 21

chemosis

Front 22

a congenital defect in the iris, in which a wedgepshaped segment is absent, giving a keyhole appearance:

Back 22

coloboma iridis

colomboma--particularly, a defect of ocular tissue, usually due to malclosure of the fetal intraocular fissure, or sometimes from trauma or disease. Such anomalies range from a small pit in the optic disk to extensive defects in the iris, ciliary body, choroid, retina, or optic disk. A scotoma is usually present, corresponding to the area of the coloboma.

Front 23

increasing of the depression normally present on the optic disk, possibly due to glaucoma or atrophy of the optic nerve:

Back 23

cupping of the disk

Front 24

seeing 2 overlapping 2-dimensional images instead of one 3-dimensional images:

Back 24

diplopia
(double vision)

Front 25

eversion means:

Back 25

turning outward

Front 26

inversion means:

Back 26

turning inward

Front 27

eversion and drooping of the lower eyelid, exposing the conjunctival surface and allowing overflo of tears:

Back 27

extropion

(note: ion, not ian)

Front 28

inward turning of the margin of the lower eyelid, often so that the lower lashes touch the eyeball:

Back 28

entropion

Front 29

chronic overflow of tears from the lower eyelid onto the cheek, possibly due to blockage of the lacrimal duct or ectropion:

Back 29

epiphora

Front 30

abnormal bulging of the eye between the lids:

Back 30

exophthalmus

Front 31

the rear of the interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, its blood vessels, and the optic nerve head:

Back 31

fundus

Front 32

any of several related disorders in which sustained elevation of increased intraocular pressure can lead to irreversible impairment of vision:

Back 32

glaucoma

Front 33

presence of blood in the anterior chamber:

Back 33

hyphema

Front 34

presence of pus in the anterior chamber:

Back 34

hypopyon

Front 35

increased flow of tears:

Back 35

lacrimation

Front 36

sustained constriction of the pupil, which may be due to ocular or nervous system disease or to the effect of drugs (pilocarpine or morphine)

Back 36

miosis

Front 37

sustained dilation of the pupil, which may be due to ocular or nervous system disease or to the effect of drugs (atropine or cyclopentolate)

Back 37

mydriasis

Front 38

marked reduction of visual acuity at night:

Back 38

nyctalopia

Front 39

another name for "night blindness":

Back 39

nyctalopia

Front 40

a rhythmic back-and-forth movement of the eyes usually due to congenital abnormality or central nervous system disorder:

Back 40

nystagmus

Front 41

serous, mucous, or purulent material on conjunctival surfaces, often gluing the eyelids together or producing crusting of the eyelids, usually due to infection or allergy:

Back 41

ocular discharge

Front 42

swelling of the optic disk, as observed with an ophthalmoscope, usually due to increased intracranial pressure or intrinsic eye disease:

Back 42

papilledema

Front 43

another term for "papilledema":

Back 43

choked disk

Front 44

inflammation of the optic nerve

Back 44

optic neuritis

Front 45

the two principal types of optic neuritis, named according to the part of the nerve affected:

Back 45

intraocular optic neuritis;
retrobulbar optic neuritis

Front 46

termed used to describe the kinked appearance of the retinal vessels emerging from a swollen optic disk:

Back 46

"stepping of vessels"

Front 47

aversion to bright light, which causes a sense of pain in the eye, usually because of irritability or spasm of the iris:

Back 47

photophobia

Front 48

the slight central depression normally seen in the optic nerve head:

Back 48

physiologic cupping

Front 49

drooping of the upper eyelid that cannot be fully corrected by voluntary effort:

Back 49

ptosis

Front 50

inflammation of the retina:

Back 50

retinitis

Front 51

a blind spot; a gap in the visual field of one or both eyes in which objects cannot be seen:

Back 51

scotoma

Front 52

the sensation of a luminous appearance before the eyes, with a zigzag, wall-like outline; it may be a migraine aura. Called also fortification spectrum, flittering scotoma, and scintillating scotoma.

Back 52

teichopsia

Front 53

defective vision or blindness in half of the visual field of one or both eyes; loosely, scotoma in less than half of the visual field of one or both eyes.

Back 53

hemianopia

Front 54

a general term for any condition in which the direction of gaze is different in the 2 eyes, as noted by the observer:

Back 54

stabismus

Front 55

a growing inward of some eyelash hairs, with resultant irritation of the eye:

Back 55

trichiasis

(trich/o-=hair); eyelash

Front 56

abnormal dryness of the eye:

Back 56

xerophthalmia

Front 57

GIVE THE MEDICAL TERM FOR THE LAY TERM FOR:

blindness

Back 57

amaurosis

Front 58

GIVE THE MEDICAL TERM FOR THE LAY TERM FOR:

crossed eyes

Back 58

esotropia

Front 59

GIVE THE MEDICAL TERM FOR THE LAY TERM FOR:

double vision

Back 59

diplopia

Front 60

GIVE THE MEDICAL TERM FOR THE LAY TERM FOR:

farsightedness

Back 60

hyperopia

Front 61

GIVE THE MEDICAL TERM FOR THE LAY TERM FOR:

lazy eye

Back 61

amblyopia

ambly- = dullness

Front 62

GIVE THE MEDICAL TERM FOR THE LAY TERM FOR:

nearsigntedness

Back 62

myopia

Front 63

GIVE THE MEDICAL TERM FOR THE LAY TERM FOR:

wall-eye

Back 63

exotropia

Front 64

GIVE THE MEDICAL TERM FOR THE LAY TERM FOR:

white of the eye

Back 64

sclera; sclerae

Front 65

imbalance when the eyes cannot be made to look in the same direction is called:

Back 65

tropia

ex: exotropia, endotropia

Front 66

visual fields can be roughly tested by the examiner using the flashlight. This form of examination is termed:

Back 66

confrontation method

Front 67

which part of the interior of the eye can the examiner view with an ophthalmoscope?

Back 67

the optic fundus

Front 68

How is far vision tested?

Back 68

Snellen eye chart

Front 69

How is near vision tested?

Back 69

using a set of Jaeger test types

Front 70

ordinary printer's type of seven different sizes imprinted on a card; used in testing near vision.

Back 70

Jaeger test type

Front 71

block letters used in testing visual acuity, so designed that the whole letter subtends, at the appropriate distance, a visual angle usually of 5 minutes, and each component part subtends an angle of 1 minute.

Back 71

Snellen test type

Front 72

relating to visual acuity of 20/20, the denominator represents:

Back 72

the normal distance at which a person with normal vision can see the line on the chart

Front 73

relating to visual acuity of 20/20, the numerator represents:

Back 73

the standard distance between the patient and the chart

Front 74

relating to a visual acuity of 20/40, what do these values represent?

Back 74

20 represents the normal distance between the patient and the chart;
40 represents the distance from which a person with normal vision could see the same line

Front 75

What is a standard test given to people over 40?

Back 75

tonometry test for glaucoma

Front 76

If the doctor dictates "twenty two hundred," how is that transcribed?

Back 76

20/200

20 is ALWAYS the 1st number

Front 77

a set of charts showing various geometric patterns in black and white, e.g., grids or parallel lines, used for detecting defects of the central visual field:

Back 77

Amsler chart or
Amsler grid

Front 78

the use of an instrument containing lenses of various powers to measure deficiencies of near & distant vision more precisely than with charts alone:

Back 78

refraction

Front 79

determination of the extent of the peripheral visual field by use of a perimeter

Back 79

perimetry

Front 80

the essential component needed prior to prescribing spectacles:

Back 80

the refraction--the sum total of measuring the refractive error of the eye
(refractometry)

Front 81

What phrase does the dictator use when referring to the total dioptic power added to a distance prescription to supplement accommodation for reading?

Back 81

"reading add"

Front 82

OD

Back 82

right eye

Front 83

OS

Back 83

left eye

Front 84

OU

Back 84

both eyes

Front 85

the term used for coursely granulated appearance sometimes seen in conjunctivitis:

Back 85

"cobblestoning"

Front 86

two types of chlamydial conjunctivitis are:

Back 86

C

Front 87

Name the 2 forms of diabetic retinopathy:

Back 87

proliferative retinopathy; &
nonproliferative retinopathy

Front 88

diabetic retinopathy in which there is formation of new blood vessels in the retina:

Back 88

proliferative retinopathy

Front 89

diabetic retinopathy in which changes are limited to venous dilatation, microaneurysms, retinal hemorrhages, hard exudates and retinal edema:

Back 89

nonproliferative retinopathy

Front 90

a complete encirclement of the macula by radially disposed streaks (seen in diabetic retinopathy) is termed:

Back 90

a macular "star figure"

Front 91

term for a transient deviation of one eye from the normal position with respect to the other which is symptomatic only in the presence of fatigue, fever, or alcohol or drug abuse:

Back 91

heterophoria

Front 92

term for persistent deviation of one or both eyes due to congenital ocular muscle weakness or imbalance:

Back 92

heteroptropia

Front 93

term for dulling of vision that can result from heterotropia and cannot be corrected with lenses:

Back 93

amblyopia

Front 94

term for normal vision:

Back 94

emmetropia

Front 95

which is more common: myopia or hyperopia?

Back 95

myopia

Front 96

NAME THE DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE:
instrumental determination of changes in electrical potential of the retina in response to light stimuli; identifies visual abnormalities due to retinal disease:

Back 96

electroretinography

Front 97

NAME THE DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE:
inspection of the fundus (the rear of the interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, its blood vessels, and the optic nerve head):

Back 97

funduscopic examination

Front 98

NAME THE DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE:
a corneal procedure for visual correction in which a flap of anterior corneal stroma is dissected, the deeper layers are partially ablated with the laser, and the hinged superficial flap is then replaced:

Back 98

LASIK

laser in situ keratomileusis

Front 99

keratoplasty in which the excimer laser and microkeratome are combined for vision correction; the microkeratome is used to shave a thin slice and create a hinged flap in the cornea, the flap is reflected back, the exposed cornea is reshaped by the laser, and the flap is replaced, without sutures, to heal back into position:

Back 99

LASIK

Front 100

x-rays or MRI of the skull with emphasis on the orbits to identify orbital or intraocular foreign body:

Back 100

orbital imaging

Front 101

a means of assessing peripheral vision by testing the subjects's ability to discern moving objects or flashing lights at the extreme periphery of the visual fields:

Back 101

perimetry

Front 102

fragmentation of the lens of the eye with ultrasound:

Back 102

phacoemulsification

Front 103

a vision correction procedure using computer-guided excimer laser ablation to reprofile the anterior corneal curvature:

Back 103

photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)
or
tracker-assisted photorefractive keratectomy (T-PRK)

Front 104

imaging of the retinal arteries with fluorescein injected into an arm vein:

Back 104

retinal arteriography

Front 105

fixation of the retina in its proper position with the injection of a bubble of gas into the interior of the eye in the vitreous cavity:

Back 105

pneumatic retinopexy

Front 106

gases used in pneumatic retinopexy:

Back 106

perfluoropropane, or
sulfur hexafluorine

Front 107

phrase used to describe an abnormal finding on a slit-lamp examination to mean diminished clarity of the aqueous humor due to protein leakage from the iris + swirls of inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber due to inflammation:

Back 107

"flares and cells"

Front 108

term for an abnormal finding on a slit-lamp examination of whitish deposits of inflammatory cells on the posterior surface of the cornea:

Back 108

keratic precipitates (KPs)

Front 109

NAME THE LABORATORY TEST:
which may be ordered if arteriovenous nicking of the eye vessels occurs, to rule out diabetes mellitus:

Back 109

blood glucose

Front 110

NAME THE LABORATORY TEST:
which may be ordered to rule out a herpesvirus that is often not symptomatic but can cause infections, and particularly virulent in persons with AIDS, resulting in a particular retinitis:

Back 110

cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Front 111

NAME THE LABORATORY TEST:
which may be ordered if bulging eyes are noted, to rule out thyroid disease:

Back 111

thyroid panel

Front 112

SOUND ALIKES:
give the meanings of each:
anisocoria;
anisophoria

Back 112

anisophoria--a condition in which the balance of the vertical muscles of one eye differs from that of the other eye, so that the visual lines do not lie in the same horizontal plane;
anisocoria--inequality in diameter of the pupils.

Front 113

SOUND ALIKES:
give the meanings of each:
intraocular;
intralocular

Back 113

intraocular--within the eye
intralocular--within the loculus--a small space or cavity. 2. a local enlargement of the uterus in some mammals, containing an embryo.

Front 114

Normal pressure of eye (measured by tonometry)

Back 114

10-21 mmHg

Front 115

Expansion of abbreviation:
A-V ratio

Back 115

arteriole-venule ratio;
used in description of Keith-Wagener-Barker classification used in assessing the eye for hypertension;
normal A-V ratio is 4:5

Front 116

Expansion of abbreviation:
AV nicking

Back 116

arteriovenous nicking--tapering of a venule where an arteriole crosses it

Front 117

Expansion of abbreviation:
IOL

Back 117

intraocular lens

Front 118

ARMD

Back 118

age-related macular degeneration

Front 119

CK

Back 119

conductive keratoplasty

Front 120

ECCE

Back 120

extracapsular cataract extraction

Front 121

EOM

Back 121

extraocular movements

Front 122

EOMI

Back 122

extraocular muscles intact

Front 123

ICCE

Back 123

intracapsular cataract extraction

Front 124

IOP

Back 124

intraocular pressure

Front 125

LTK

Back 125

laser thermal keratoplasty

Front 126

PD

Back 126

prism diopter

Front 127

PRK

Back 127

photorefractive keratectomy

Front 128

ROP

Back 128

retinopathy of prematurity

Front 129

RP

Back 129

retinitis pigmentosa

Front 130

VF

Back 130

visual field

Front 131

LASIK

Back 131

laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis

Front 132

In what form are ophthalmic drugs usually prescribed?

Back 132

%

Front 133

a transient episode of blindness or partial blindness affecting one eye, caused by ischemia of the eye and lasting ten minutes or less

Back 133

amaurosis fugax

(transient monocular blindness)

Front 134

test is used to test tear production using a
piece of filter paper that is inserted over the conjunctival sac of the lower lid:

Back 134

Schirmer test

Front 135

another term for "lazy eye":

Back 135

amblyopia

Front 136

an applanation tonometer in which air pressure applied through a silicone-rubber membrane in direct contact with the cornea is used to flatten the cornea.

(from RMT CD)

Back 136

pneumatonometer

Front 137

The lens is:
A. concave
B. convex

Back 137

convex

(according to the MT Workbook)