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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 main rivers in China
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1. Huang He - Yellow River (north) - also called "China's Sorrow" b/c of big floods 2. Chang Jiang - Yantzee
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what does the name Huang He mean? why?
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Yellow river - b/c it deposits HUGE amts of yellow silt
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Describe China's geographic landscape
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- Very varied
- harsh dessert - Gobi - mountains - Plateau of Tibet - low lying plains - good for farming - fertile around the rivers - temperature and climate varied - many floods |
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What features of China's geography limited travel around the region?
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1) deserts
2) mointains |
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oracle bone
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oracle - a prediction
- chinese people believed that if they wrote questions on bones or shells and then cracked them, the future would be predicted by the types of cracks formed on the bones or shells |
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Xia Dynasty -
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- believed to be the 1st dynasty
--leader - YU - - helped set up irrigation and waterways to control river - did it really exist???? |
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Shang Dynasty -
- and its accomplishments |
- 1st evidence of a real dynasty
- Social order - very important - developed writing system - developed calendar system, |
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Zhou Dynasty (lasted 800 yrs)
"mandate of heavens" |
-overthrew the Shang dynasty - same culture
- new ideas - believed in the Mandate of Heaven - that the heavens gave power to the rulers and kings - they said the heavens sent Zhou to replace the Shangs - |
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Innovations of Zhou Dynasty
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1) road and canals for trade and agriculture 2)coined $ started to be used for trade 3)blast furnaces for producing cast iron were built (for weapons and agric tools)- could grow food better
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DESCRIBE ZHOU SOCIETY - its social orderp
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1) KINGs - led the government and gave land to the lords
2) Lords and Warriors - Lords paid taxes and provided warriors to protect the lands and the king 3) peasants - farmed the lands -lords - were people of high rank - SZhou system brought order to China as the lords helped control distant lands |
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what is the "time of the warring states" ?
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late years of Zhou dynasty when the lords of the various noble families started fighting with each other to get more land, and the king could not control it. -Contributed to decline of Zhou dynasty
- family values declined (families fought for land and wealth) - Chaos in China |
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what were the 3 types of philosophies that Chinese "thinkers" came up with to restore order after the time of "warring states"?
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1) Confucianism
2) Daoism 3) Legalism |
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Who was Confucios and when did he live and practice?
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- was a very famous scholar after decline of Zhou dynasty - when the lords were fighting and lots of chaos existed. - GOOD teacher too - wanted to restore peace and order in China
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What was confucianism?
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a system of ethics and beliefs that followed the teachings of Confucious:
1) old values are important 2) everyone has a place in society and that has to be respected (children respect parents, wife respects husband, etc) - social order is important 3) all superiors are respected 4)leaders need to be moral and this would bring respect and order in China (not rules and laws) |
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What are the Analects?
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- is a collection of Confucious teachings
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What is Daoism? Who was Laozi?
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Daoism - another ethical system established
- diff than Confucioninm - believes in establishing harmony with nature and that government should stay out of people's lifes - Set up by another Chinese Thiker named Laozi |
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What is Legalism? beliefs?
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- another group of thoughts established by other Chinese thinkers - believed that government should establish order by following STRICT laws and establish a system of punishments for those that didn't follow the law
- Believed that people were born BAD and had to be controlled by rules |
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dynasty that replaced the Zhou dynasty
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the Qin Dynasty - leaders employed legalists beliefs to unify the country and to eliminate warring states
- believed in strong rules and punishements for bad actions |
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Who was the leader of the Qin Dynasty?
what name did he give himself? |
King Qin
Shi Huangdi - "1st Emperor" |
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what policies did Shi Huangdi establish?
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1) standardize many things: languages, writing, laws, money - he wanted all Chinese people to do things the same way
2) burned all the books of the philosophers and teachings that did not agree with his. 3) order the killing of many scholars who had differing views to his. 4) he took the power away from the Lords (as in the Zhou period) and gave it to himself 5) organized areas by districts which help collect taxes |
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Major contributions of Qin Dynasty?
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1) built highways -
2)BUILT irrigation system for farming 3) built canal system to connect the rivers and ease transportation 4) built the Great Wall of China - many years of hard labor - to protect China from invaders |
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Why was QIN unpopular with his people even though he did so many good things?
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- People felt repressed, as if they had no freedom - -Didn't like his harsh rules
-scholars hated him for burning so many books - poor people did not like to have to work on building the GReat Wall of China- they either worked or died - wall to protect from invaders - Eventually this lead to a Civil War |
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HOw is Shi Huangdi remembered?
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- As the ruler that unified China
- for his many building programs: - the Wall of China, irrigation, canals, roads, etc |
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DYNASTY AFTER THE QIN DYNASTY
Emperor? His ideas/style? |
HAN DYNASTY - ruled for 400+ yrs - emperor was Liu Bang (the 1st common person to become Emeperor)
- less harsh ruling -lowered taxes - departed from legalism - people liked him |
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WUDI
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Liu Bang's great grandson who became the Emperor later on. - Longest Han emperor - "Martial Emperor" - b/c he expanded empire thru war
- believed in Confucionism - broutgh it back to replace legalism |
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culture and society during HAN EMpire
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- Family Life became very important
-society was VERY structured according to social rank: -emperors - peasants (90% of the people) - artisans - merchants - Lived with Confucius Values (children served parents, boys more imp than girls) |
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accomplishments of HAN dynasty
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-great advances in art and learning (poetry and history)
-invented paper -many advances in science: |
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what advances in Science did the Han dynasty have?
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1) invented the sundial - which uses positions of the shadows to tell time
2)seismograph - device to measure strength of earthquakes 3)acupuncture - a practice where needles are insrted into the ski to releive pain and cure diseases |
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Silk Rode
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a 4000 mile road from China to Asia where lots of things were carried to be traded.
- traded silk, art and other things - Chinese were making lots of money like this |
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In addition to trading and iproving wealth, what else did the Chinese gain from travelling and trading on the Silk Road?
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- they gained knowledge of a new religion called BUDDHISM from India
- offered hope of rebirth and reincarnation (born again after death) |
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diffusion - what is it? Ex?
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diffusion - the spread of ideas from one culture to another?
ex - buddishm from India to China |
