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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Francis Fukuyama The End of History
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end to wars stemming from ideological differences
rise of Western Capitalist Liberalism Developed world is at the end of history |
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John Mersheimer "Why We Will Soon Miss the Cold War"
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realist- less than optimistic for the future
bipolar system provided order for the world multipolar system will result in competing interests, puss countries closer to war Unlikely that war is obsolete Hypernationalism must be kept at bay nuclear instruments are strong instruments of peace- deterrence Europe without Nuclear Weapons- very dangerous- outbreak of smaller disputes Current ownership of nukes - no further proliferation is unlikely in his estimation Nuclear Proliferation- most probable and will likely restabilize Europe |
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Samuel Huntington The Clash of Civilizations
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The Clash of civilizations is the likely next step forward
Islam and the West will likely butt heads China is a rising power Cultural conflict is the new pattern of conflict Civilizations clash because they have basic and fundamental differences |
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John Mueller "The Obsolescence of Major War"
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war is like dueling- once was a fashionable display of manliness but has become unacceptable
The physical and psychological costs of war makes it repulsive Slavery is now obsolete, war will go that way |
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Clausewitz On War Chapter 2
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the ends political purpose of war has no connection to war itself
three objectives: armed forces must be destroyed country must be occupied enemy's will must be broken the only means of war is combat- fighting is not always necessary if your opponent wants to fight you must strategic planning rests on tactical success political object of the war determines the sacrifices made in magnitude and duration |
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Paul Fussell Wartime
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The horrors of war are unknown to the American public
War has been disneyfied War is illogical, troops advance towards intense shelling and the threat of grenades and machine guns More than 90% of troops did not truly understand combat during WWII according to Fussell Journalists ignored the horrors of war in their reports back home |
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Sun Tzu Art of War
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It is best to keep ones state intact
Not fighting at all is better Maintaining the loyalty of your troops is important Chain of command should be strong Cut ties with enemy as soon as war is declared |
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Clausewitz On War Chapter 1
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War is duel, it is intended to force the enemy to submit to our will
War is an act of violence and a political act War is a game of chance and an act of political commerce |
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Thucydides The Melian Dialogue
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Power of force in a purist explanation
The strong do what they can and weak suffer as they must Independence is maintained by strength |
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EH Carr Realism and Idealism
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there is no governing body of the international community
Politicians often assume that the interest of their country and the interest of the world is identical This assumption is a mockery of the weaker and poorer states Realism is inadequate because many politicians find it necessary to cloak their motives with moral principle War has a defensive and preventative character Attempting to define wars of agression against wars of defense is misguided |
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Geoffrey Blainey Power, Culprits, and Arms
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Causes of war and events of war come from the same place
The balance of power prevents the rise of one nation to supreme dominance but it is not necessarily a solution Outbreak of peace has been ignored for the most part Military regimes are easily to blame because they are directly involved Causes of war are hard to generalize about |
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Immanuel Kant Perpetual Peace
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the state of man is a state of war
states with a voting public are more cautious about engaging in war an IO should be formed to spread peace man is forced by the state and fellow man tobe a good citizen (norms) - this can work for nations too mutual interest would lead to participation in the IO |
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Michael Doyle Liberalism and World Politics
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totalitarian regimes make for war- liberal states generally oppose it
liberal states are prone to peace Schumpeter's case leaves little room for non economic objectives- presumes homogenization of world politics Liberal states have fought lots of wars with non liberal states, just not a lot with each other |
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Margaret Mead - Warfare is Only an Invention, Not a Biological Necessity
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warfare is seen as an agressive outlet
war will not be inevitable if classes are outlawed and social systems are changes Eskimos don't have war Cultural understanding that war is the way some situations are handled is what makes it exist |
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Normal Angell - The Great Illusion
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assumption that nations are pushed toward territorial expansion and the exercise of political force
military power is socially and economically futile Economic interdependence has outdated war |
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Geoffrey Blainey Paradise is a Bazaar
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19th Century- faith in human nature
paradise was an international bazaar- free flow of goods and ideas through modern transport and communication Running steadily in the direction of peace |
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V.I. Lenin Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism
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Capitalism:
commodity production cannot exist without workers living in poor conditions created a world market great powers are dividing up the world for improved economic strength Imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism- countries must be carved up to feed the economic machine |
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Joseph Schumpeter Imperialism and Capitalism
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War is waged for non-rational reasons
Theory has nothing to do with urges Interest in war is developed in the ruling class and their domestic interests Imperialism stems from autocracy Capitalists are not warlike by nature- they need laborers for work Interests are artificially shaped by the elites |
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Kenneth N Waltz- Structural Causes and Economic Effects
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interdependence leads to more contact and increases the prospect of occasional conflict
Interdependence as used by economists means sensitivity, not mutual dependence Sensitivity does not equate to vulnerability Countries that are highly dependent on others suffer from unrealiable suppliers governments are more deeply involved in national economies reducing the need for territorial wars |
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Robert Gilpin Hegemonic War and International Change
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A rising state attempt to change the rules governing the int'l system
power imbalances resolved through war Hegemonic powers can only try to persist or release power Expand or die- hard to stop once it's started Hegemonic war is the ultimate test of change in the relative standing of power States directly engage in hegemonic conflict eliminate obstacles by peripheral powers Hegemonic wars are characterized by unlimited means |
