Vocabulary

Front 1

Cell Cycle

Back 1

the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication, to produce 2 daughter cells.

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Interphase

Back 2

the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication, to produce 2 daughter cells.

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Growth 1

Back 3

the 1st phase of Interphase in which the cell grows

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Synthesis

Back 4

the 2nd phase of Interphase in which the cell synthesizes a copy of its DNA.

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Growth 2-

Back 5

the 3rd and final phase of Interphase in which the cell continues to grow and prepare to divide.

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Mitosis

Back 6

a type of asexual cell division that results in 2 identical daughter cells.

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Cytokinesis

Back 7

the division of the cytoplasm at the end of cell division that results in 2 daughter cells.

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Cell Reproduction

Back 8

the process by which cells duplicate their contents and divide to yield 2 cells with similar or duplicate contents.

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Asexual Reproduction

Back 9

form of reproduction that does not require 2 parents to create new offspring.

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Sexual Reproduction

Back 10

form of reproduction that occurs by combining genetic information from 2 individuals of different sexes.

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Meiosis

Back 11

type of cell division that results in 4 daughter cells, each with half the # of chromosomes as the parent cell.

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Genetic Diversity

Back 12

the total # of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species.

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Genetic Variation

Back 13

the tendency of genetic characteristics to vary as a result of crossing over and independent assortment.

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Genes

Back 14

a unit of heredity that is transferred from parent to offspring and determines characteristics of that offspring.

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Chromosomes

Back 15

threadlike strands in the nucleus, which carry DNA or genetic information.

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Cell Adaptations-

Back 16

changes made by a cell in response to adverse environmental changes.

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Unicellular

Back 17

means 1 cell.

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Contractile vacuoles

Back 18

a vacuole in some unicellular organisms that expels liquid upon contraction.

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Cilia

Back 19

short, hair-like structures on the body of some cell types that allows for movement.

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Flagella

Back 20

a long, whip-like tail that enables movement in many unicellular organisms.

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Pseudopods

Back 21

false feel that enable locomotion and phagocytosis for the amoeba.

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Eyespots

Back 22

light sensitive, pigmented spots of certain organisms such as the euglena.

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Adaptive Behaviors

Back 23

any behavior that enables an organism to better adjust to its environment.

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Protist

Back 24

the taxonomic kingdom of unicellular eukaryotes.

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Chemotaxis

Back 25

movement in response to chemicals.

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Phototaxis

Back 26

movement in response to light.

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Cell Transport

Back 27

the movement of materials across a cell membrane.

Front 28

Homeostasis

Back 28

the ability of a body or cell to maintain a stable condition.

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Buffer

Back 29

a solution that resists a change in pH when acids or bases are added

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pH

Back 30

a figure that expresses the acidity or alkalinity of a substance.

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Active Transport

Back 31

the movement of molecules across a cell membrane that requires energy input.

Front 32

Passive Transport

Back 32

the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without energy input.

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Diffusion

Back 33

the natural movement of particles from areas of high concentration to low concentration.

Front 34

Facilitated Diffusion

Back 34

process by which molecules are transported across a cell membrane with the help of certain carrier molecules.

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Osmotic Pressure-

Back 35

measure of the tendency of a solution to take in water by osmosis.

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Plasma Membrane

Back 36

membrane of phospholipids and proteins that regulates the transport of materials in and out of the cell.

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Independent Assortment-

Back 37

the formation of random combination of genes.

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Crossing Over

Back 38

the exchange of genes between chromosomes resulting in a mixture of characteristics in offspring.

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Random Assortment

Back 39

the lining up of chromosomes along the center of the cell in metaphase in any random order.

Front 40

Gene Mutation

Back 40

a permanent change to DNA sequence.

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Nondisjunction

Back 41

the failure of chromosomes to divide properly during nuclear division.

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Cancer

Back 42

disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body.

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Benign

Back 43

refers to diseases that are not harmful.

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Malignant

Back 44

refers to very highly infectious, harmful diseases.

Front 45

Stem cells

Back 45

unspecialized cells that continually reproduce themselves and have, under appropriate conditions, the ability to differentiate into 1 or more types of specialized cells.

Front 46

Nerve cell-

Back 46

any of the impulse-conducting cells that constitute the brain, spinal column, and nerves in vertebrates.

Front 47

Muscle cell

Back 47

an elongated contractile cell that forms he muscles of the body.

Front 48

Blood cell

Back 48

either red or white cells that may be found circulating in the body.

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Sperm cell

Back 49

a male gamete, such as spermatozoan of an animal, or one of the cells produced by a pollen grain of a plant.

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Cell Communication

Back 50

the process by which a cell detects and responds to signals in its environment.

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Chemical Signal

Back 51

means by which cells can send and receive information to and from other cells.

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Receptors

Back 52

an organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve.