Vitamins And Minerals

Front 1

trace elements

Back 1

required to run various enzymatic reactions, needed only in very small amounts, examples include cobalt, copper, iodine, selenium, manganese and zinc

Front 2

essential vitamins and minerals

Back 2

term used if disorders occur when they are not present in large enough amounts
vitamins - A B C D E K
minerals - calcium, chlorine, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium

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folic acid

Back 3

given during pregnancy because it has been found to reduce birth defects in the nervous system of the fetus

Front 4

vitamin D supplements

Back 4

needed for individuals who never go outside or never receive sun exposure

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loss of iron

Back 5

effect of heavy menstrual periods

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1911

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year first vitamin was discovered

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why is dietary intake of vitamins and minerals required?

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because the body does not synthesize (make) them

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fat-soluble vitamins

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deficiency develops after months of restricted intake
stored by the body in the lipids of a cell
accumulated instead of eliminated
potentially toxic when OD
examples - A D E K

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vitamin A

Back 9

retinol, beta-carotene
IN-milk, butter, cheese, liver, fish oils

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primary functions of Vitamin A

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1. fights night blindness by protecting rods in the retina
2. protects against epithelial cancer (surface)
3. stimulates immune system
4. antioxidant, soaks up free radicals

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hypervitaminosis A

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OD of Vitamin A
Sx- HA, V, skin peeling, loss of appetite, irritability, destruction of liver

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vitamin A deficiency

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night blindness, skin stops shedding, dry corneas

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vitamin D

Back 13

IN- milk, eggs, butter, fish oils, cheese
includes precursors cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol

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ergocalciferol

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vitamin D2
UV radiation on ergosterol in yeast

Front 15

cholecalciferol

Back 15

vitamin D3
produced by the skin in the presence of UV light

Front 16

vitamin D deficiency

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causes Rickets in children, bone weakness, osteomalacia, osteoporosis

Front 17

tocopherols

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vitamin E
IN- soybean oil, wheat germ, germ rice, cottonseed, nuts, corn, butter, eggs, liver, leafy green veggies
good for- eys, skin, tissues, muscles

Front 18

phytonadione

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vitamin k
responsible for COAGULATION
IN- green leafy veggies, egg yolks, milk
deficiency - bleeding
tx- heparin OD

Front 19

what type of vitamin can be excreted in urine

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water-soluble vitamin B C

Front 20

major functions of thiamine

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vitamin B1
1. carbohydrate metabolism
2. produce water
3. nervous and cardiovascular system component

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deficiency of vitamin B1

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(thiamine)
beriberi

Front 22

riboflavin

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vitamin B2
req for growth and maintenance of body
deficiency causes skin to dry and crack

Front 23

niacin or nicotinic acid

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vitamin B3

Front 24

panthothenic acid

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vitamin b5

Front 25

pyridoxine

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vitamin B6
increases metabolism
helps in absorption of B12

Front 26

folic acid

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vitamin B9
essential for DNA synthesis
IN- green veggies, beets, liver

Front 27

cyanocobalamin

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vitamin B12
makes RBC and myelin sheath

Front 28

ascorbic acid

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vitamin C
antioxidant, promotes wound healing
deficiency - scurvy (pirates)

Front 29

calcium

Back 29

bone formation, cell transport, nerve and muscle function

Front 30

magnesium

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required for vitamin C and calcium metabolism

Front 31

iron

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hemoglobin/oxygen transport
deficiency causes anemia

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potassium

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cellular transport, normal muscle, heart, kidney and nervous system functions

Front 33

selenium

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immune function and growth

Front 34

how many B vitamins are most commonly used?

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7

Front 35

helps the body with growth and reproduction

Back 35

zinc