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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What 3 enzymes is Biotin a cofactor for?
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Pyruvate Carboxylase
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Methymalonyl-CoA mutase |
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What is function of Pyruvate Carboxylase?
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Pyruvate --> Oxoloacetate
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What activates this pathway?
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Increased Acetyl-CoA
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What is the function of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase?
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Acetyl-CoA --> Malonyl-CoA
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What activates this pathway?
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Citrate, Insulin
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What inhibits this pathway?
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Fattyl-Acyl CoA
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What is the function of Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase?
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Methylmalonyl-CoA --> Succinyl-CoA
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What is Biotinidase?
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Enzyme that plays a role in Biotin recycling. A deficiency increases the requirements for Biotin.
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What is Vitamin B1?
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Thiamine
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What are the 2 main uses of this compound?
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Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (pyruvate --> acetyl-CoA)
Alpha-Ketoglutarate --> Succinyl-CoA in the TCA cycle. |
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What is vitamin B3?
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Niacin
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What is Niacin needed for?
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The synthesis of NAD+
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Aside from dietary intake of Niacin, how can we obtain Nicotinic Acid?
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Humans can synthesize it from Tryptophan
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What disease results as a consequence of Niacin deficiency?
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Pellagra
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What do people with Pellagra present with?
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The 3 D's = Dementia, Diarrhea and Dermatitis
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What is Vitamin B6?
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Pyrodxine
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What is Pyrodoxine used for?
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It is a cofactor for aminotransferases
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What is Vitamin C used for?
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An antioxidant and cofactor of enzymes that play a role in hydroxylating amino acids of ECM proteins.
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What is Vitamin E used for?
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Lipid solube antioxidant or free radical scavenger
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What is Vitamin K used for?
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Required by gamma-glutamate carboxylase for the attachment of Calcium binding carboxyl groups to coagulation factors.
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How does warfarin work?
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It inhibits the enzyme that reduces vitamin K epoxide to Vitamin K. Therefore gamma-glutamate carboxylase isn't able to attach carboxyl groups on coagulation factors
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What is another function of Vitamin K?
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Post translational modification of osteocalcin, which plays a role in bone growth and remodeling and prevents calcification of bones.
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Where do we derive Vitamin K from?
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Green vegetables and cheese
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What is calcitriol?
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The active form of Vitamin D
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Once inside cells, what are 3 main effects of Calcitriol?
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1) Stimulates the uptake of dietary calcium and phosphate in the intestine
2) Stimulates recovery of calcium and phosphate from the kidneys 3) Stimulates the release of calcium and phosphate from the bone into the blood |
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What childhood disease is caused by vitamin D deficiency?
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Rickets
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What adulthood disease is caused by vitamin D deficiency?
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osteomalacia
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