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Virology 2

Virology 2

by eternity112, Jan. 2017

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	Coronaviridae -Structure -Transmission -Properties	Structure > ss + RNA, Enveloped, helial, poleomoprh > large surface glycoprotein spikes Transmission > respiratory droplets Result > ARDS Properties > 2nd most common cause common cold > peak winter,r early spring (ARDS)
	Flaviviridae -Structure -Types -Vector	Structure > + stranded RNA enveloped, icosahedral Types > Dengue fever > St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) > West Nile encephalitis > Yellow fever Vectors > mosquitoes > Ticks > Fleas
	Dengue virus -Structure -Result -Vector	Type: Flaviviridae Structure > + stranded RNA enveloped, icosahedraL Result > sudden onset fever > dengue rash (bright red petechiae, usually appears first on lower limbs, chest > Gastritis > DHF = Higher fever, hemorrhagic phenomena, thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration > DSS = High mortality rates
	Types + RNA viruses	Enveloped > Coronavirus > Flavivirus = Yellow fever, = Dengue = SLE = West nile virus > Retrovirus > Togavirus Nonenveloped > Calicivirus > Picornavirus Properties > Only retriviruses have RNA reverse transcriptase, replicate in the cytoplasm
	Calicivirus -Structure -Properties -Result	Structure > + sense ss RNA, naked icosahedral = no RNA poleymerase, translation 1st event, infectivity w/ RNA alone Types = Norwalk virus Sx: Epidemic viral gastroenteritis w/ vomiting and diarrhea Transmission: Fecal-oral route = Hepatitis E Sx: Mild, low risk mortality, Mortality risk is higher in pregnant women, up to 20% Transmission: Fecal oral
	RNA viruses -+/- RNA dependent RNA polymerase - Initial event - Infectivity RNA (alone)	+ > no RNA dependent RNA polymerase > initial event, translation > infectivity RNA: yes -/ ds RNA > yes RNA d RNA pol (provided by virus) > initial event, transcription > infectiity RNA: no
	1. Norwalk virus. 2. Dengue fever 3. St Louis encephalitis virus 1. What family of virus? Structure? a. Coronavirus b. Picornavirus c. Retrovirus d. Calicivirus e. Togavirus f. Flavivirus 2. Properties? a. respiratory droplets b. epidemic viral gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea c. Severe acute respiratory syndrome d. encephalitis e. bright red petechiae, first on lower limbs then the chest f. Headache, high fever, neck stiffness g. Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage h. Swollen lymph nodes, neck stiffness, rash trunk i. Cirrhosis, liver cancer 3. Main Route infection? Other routes if any? Time? a. respiratory b. cutaneous c. recal oral f. Mosquito transfer (general) g. A. aegypti f. Culex mosuito	1. Norwalk virus 1. Calicivirus, nonenveloped + ss RNA 2. epidemic viral gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea 3. fecal oral 2. Dengue fever 1. Flavivirus 2. bright red petechiae, first on lower limbs then the chest 3. dAY FEEDER, aEDES (a. AEGYPTI) MOSQUITO 3. 1. Flavivirus 2. Headache, high fever, neck stiffness 3. Culex mosquito, late summer, early fall,
	Older people are more likely to have a fatal infection to a virus with what symptoms? a. higher fever, hemorrhagic phenomena b. SARS c. epidemic viral gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea d. massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage e. headache, high fever, neck stiffness, spastic paralysis	headache, high fever, neck stiffness Expl: Older people are more likely to have a fatal infection from st. Louis encephalitis, w/ sx of: > headache, high fever, neck stiffness
	1. Culex mosquito is associated with a virus causing what clinical manifestations? 2. Yellow fever causes what? 3. A virus in which immunocomproize needs to be hospitalized with rehydration therapy causes what? 4. Second most common cause of common cold. 5. Dengue fever 6. Culex mosquito transfers a. bright red petechiae, first on the lower limbs and chest b. SARS c. epidemic viral gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea d. massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage e. headache, high fever, neck stiffness, spastic paralysis	1. headache, high fever, neck stiffness (St. louis encephalitis) 2. massive GI hemorrhage (yellow fever) 3. epidemic viral gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea (calicivirus) 4. SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) 5. bright red petechiae, first on the lower limbs and chest 6. headache, high fever, neck stiffness, spastic paralysis (SLE)
	1. vIRAL HAS LARGE SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN SPIKES GIVING A CROWN APPEARANCE. 2. Hemorrhagic fever 3. Occurs priarily late summer, early fall a. bright red petechiae, first on the lower limbs and chest b. SARS c. epidemic viral gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea d. massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage e. headache, high fever, neck stiffness, spastic paralysis	1. SARS (coronavirus) , think Corona has people with SARS 2. bright red petechiae, first on the lower limbs and chest (Dengue fever, Flavivirus) 3. headache, high fever, neck stiffness, spastic paralysis (SLE, think S's, neck stiffness, spastic, in the summer with St. louis encephalitis)
	1. What is required for continued transmission of the West Nile virus? 2. What is a dead end host for the West nile virus? 3. Class structure? a. human b. pig c. worm d. horse e. bird f. snake 4. Sx WNV? a. high fever,r neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness b. SARS c. epidemic viral gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea d. massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage e. headache, high fever, neck stiffness, spastic paralysis	1. bird Expl: bird or mosquito required for transmission. 2. human, horse 3. Flavivirus, encapsulated ss RNA virus (- RdRP, infectious, translation 1st actioN) 4. high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness (WNV) choice e is St. louis encephalopathy
	1. The virus in the diagram causes what symptoms? a. high fever,r neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness b. SARS c. epidemic viral gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea d. massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage e. headache, high fever, neck stiffness, spastic paralysis	high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors,
	Picovirus -Strucutre -Properties	Structure > nonenveloped ss + RNA (- RdRP, infectious, translation 1st action) Types > Enterovirus = Echovirus = Polio virus (extinct0 = Coxsackie a = Coxsackie B > Rhinovirus > Hepatovirus = Hep. A
	1. What are the enteroviruses? 2. What virus involving entering the CNS, infecting and destroying motor neurons? 3. What results in the formation of herpangia? 4. Associated with consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish from sewage infested water. 5. What results in Bornholm disease? a. Echovirus b. Coxsackie A c. Coxsackie B d. Hepatitis A e. Rhinovirus f. Poliovirus	All picornaviruses (nonenveloped ss RNA viruses) 1. Echovirus, Coxsackie A, B 2. Poliovirus (type Enterovirus, Picornavirus) 3. Coxsackie virus A 4. Hepatitis A 5. Coxsackie virus B
	What virus is shown? a. Echovirus b. Coxsackie A c. Coxsackie B d. Hepatitis A e. Rhinovirus f. Poliovirus	Coxsackie B
	1. Upper respiratory infection, common cold. 2. Virus replicates slowly, shed into the bile, passed in the stool. 3. Sudden sharp pain on the intercostal muscles on one side of the chest. 4. Vesicles on soft palate and fauces. a. Echovirusb. Coxsackie Ac. Coxsackie Bd. Hepatitis Ae. Rhinovirusf. Poliovirus	1. Rhinovirus 2. Hepatitis A 3. Coxsackie virus B (Picornavirus, Enterovirus) 4. Coxsackie virus A (Picornavirus, Enterovirus)
	Name the causative agent. a. Echovirus b. Coxsackie A c. Coxsackie B d. Hepatitis A e. Rhinovirus f. Poliovirus	Coxsackie A (Picornavirus, Enterovirus)
	Name the causative agent. a. Echovirus b. Coxsackie A c. Coxsackie B d. Hepatitis A e. Rhinovirus f. Poliovirus	Coxsackie A (Picornavirus, Enterovirus)
	Name the causative agent. a. Echovirus b. Coxsackie A c. Coxsackie B d. Hepatitis A e. Rhinovirus f. Poliovirus	Coxsackie A (Picornavirus, Enterovirus)
	1. wHAT INVOLVES VACCINATION WITH LIVE ATTENUATED SABIN, go IMMUNITY IGA? a. Echovirus b. Coxsackie A c. Coxsackie B d. Hepatitis A e. Rhinovirus f. Poliovirus 2. Route	1. Poliovirus (Enterovirus, Picornavirus ) 2. Fecal oral
	1. Name the causative agent. 2. Route infectino? a. Echovirus b. Coxsackie A c. Coxsackie B d. Hepatitis A e. Rhinovirus f. Poliovirus	1. Poliovirus (Enterovirus, Picornavirus) 2. Fecal oral
	Hepatitis C -Structure -Class -Result -Route -Tx -Immunity	Structure > enveloped + SS rna Class > Flavivirus Result > cirrhosis (fibrotic scarring of the liever) > liver cancer Route > blood to blood > sexual contact Tx > IFN-a > Fibavirin
	1. Virus binds to ICAM receptor and suppresses inflammation. 2. Jaundice 3. Treatment is IFN-a. 4. ALT increase is a marker for what? a. Echovirus b. Coxsackie A c. Coxsackie B d. Hepatitis A e. Rhinovirus f. Poliovirus g. Hepatitis C	1. Rhinovirus (Picornovirus) 2. Hepatitis A (Picornovirus) 3. Hepatitis C (Flavivirus) 4. Hepatitis A (Picornovirus)
	1. West nile virus (structure class) 2. Severe systemic disease with degenerative of the liver, kidney, heart, and hemorrhage 3. Mild illness with fever and headache. 4. Can be misdiagnosed as influenza or other viral infection. a. higher fever, hemorrhagic phenomena b. SARS c. epidemic viral gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea d. massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage e. headache, high fever, neck stiffness, spastic paralysis f. high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness, paralysis	1. high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness, paralysis ( West nile virus, Flavivirus, enveloped ss RNA virus) 2. massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage (Yellow fever, Flavivirus, enveloped ss RNA virus) 3. headache, high fever, neck stiffness, spastic paralysis (St louis encephalotpathy, flavivirus, enveloped ss RNA virus) 4. higher fever, hemorrhagic phenomena, Dengue fever, flavivirus, enveloped ss RNA virus
	1. Travelers from tropic countries typically have this. 2. Old people are more likely to have a fatal infection 3. Sudden onset fever, severe headache, muscle joint pains. 4. Large surface glycoprotein spikes give a crown appearance. a. higher fever, hemorrhagic phenomena b. SARS c. epidemic viral gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea d. massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage e. headache, high fever, neck stiffness, spastic paralysis f. high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness, paralysis	1. higher fever, hemorrhagic phenomena (Dengue virus, flavivirus) 2. headache, high fever, neck stiffness, spastic paralysis (SLE, Flavivirus, enveloped virus) 3. higher fever, hemorrhagic phenomena (Dengue virus, flavivirus), enveloped ssRNA 4. SARS
	Virus in this diagram causes what? a. higher fever, hemorrhagic phenomena b. SARS c. epidemic viral gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea d. massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage e. headache, high fever, neck stiffness, spastic paralysis f. high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness, paralysis	a. higher fever, hemorrhagic phenomena
	1. What family of virus? Structure?a. Coronavirusb. Picornavirusc. Retrovirusd. Caliciviruse. Togavirusf. Flavivirus 2. Properties? a. respiratory dropletsb. epidemic viral gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrheac. Severe acute respiratory syndromed. encephalitise. bright red petechiae, first on lower limbs then the chestf. Headache, high fever, neck stiffnessg. Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhageh. Swollen lymph nodes, neck stiffness, rash trunki. Cirrhosis, liver cancer 3. Main Route infection? Other routes if any? Time? a. respiratory droplets b. cutaneousc. recal oralf. Mosquito transfer (general)g. A. aegyptif. Culex mosuito	1. Flavivirus (enveloped ssRNA virus) 2. SARS 3. respiratory droplets
	1. What family of virus? Structure? a. Coronavirus b. Picornavirus c. Retrovirus d. Calicivirus e. Togavirus f. Flavivirus 2. Properties? a. respiratory droplets b. epidemic viral gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea c. Severe acute respiratory syndrome d. encephalitis e. bright red petechiae, first on lower limbs then the chest f. Headache, high fever, neck stiffness g. Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage h. Swollen lymph nodes, neck stiffness, rash trunk i. Cirrhosis, liver cancer 3. Main Route infection? Other routes if any? Time? a. respiratory droplets b. cutaneous c. recal oral f. Mosquito transfer (general) g. A. aegypti f. Culex mosuito	1. Flavivirus, Dengue virus, Enveloped ss + RNA virus 2. bright red petechiae, first on lower limbs then the chest 3. A. egypti
	Dengue fever -Result	Classic dengue fever lasts 5-7 days > biphasic pattern: smaller peak of fever at the trailing end of the disease DHF > Higher fever, hemorrhagic phenomena, thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration DSS > high mortality rate
	Found Singapore, Taiwan, Indonesia, Philippines, India, Brazil.	Dengue fever (Flavivirus), enveloped ssDNA virus
	Asymmetric paralysis, most involves legs. - Describe	Spinal polio Caused by Polio (poliomyelitis) Picornavirus, Enterovirus (Nonenveloped ss + RNA virus)
	Weakness of muscles innervated by cranial nerves	Bulbar polio Caused by Polio (poliomyelitis)Picornavirus, Enterovirus (Nonenveloped ss + RNA virus)
	Herpangina	Vesicles on soft palate and faces (Coxsackie virus A, Enterovirus, Picornavirus) Nonenveloped ssRNA virus
	Fever, blsiters on hands, palate feet	Hand, foot and mouth disease (Coxsackie virus A, Enterovirus, Picornavirus)Nonenveloped ssRNA virus
	Bornholm disease	Sudden sharp pains in the intercostal muscles on one side chest. (Coxsackie virus B, Enterovirus, Picornavirus)Nonenveloped ssRNA virus
	Aseptic meningitis, myositis, Myocarditis, Pericarditis	(Coxsackie virus B, Enterovirus, Picornavirus)Nonenveloped ssRNA virus
	No chronic infections with what?	Hepatitis A, Picornavirus nonenveloped SS + RNA virus
	Plecornaril, Methylisoxazole treatment for what?	Picornaviridae
	1. Treatment for Hepatitis C. 2. Tx. for a virus caused y eating shellfish. 3. Binds to a hydrophobic pocket in VP1 of picornaviruses. 4. Stabilizes picornaviruses. a. Interferon A b. Methylisoxazole c. Pleconaril	1. Interferon A 2. Hep A Tx: Methylisoxaole, Pleconaril 3. Pleconaril 4. Methylisoxazole
	1. 3-methylisoxazole group inserts in capsid VP1 and covers ion channel. 2. Sabin live attenuated polio vaccine. 3. Salk polio vaccine a. Interferon Ab. Methylisoxazolec. Pleconaril d. IPV e. OPV f. HAV	1. Methylisoxazole 2. OPV 3. IPV
	Lentivirus -Describe	Ex: HIV Type of retrovirus Properties > replicates in cytoplasm > capsid w/ = reverse transcriptase = 2 molecules of RNA
	Oncovirus is a type of what? a. Flavivirus b. Coronavirus c. Retrovirus d. Plicovirus e. Cornicivirus f. Lentivirus	Retrovirus
	1. HIV is a type of: a. Flavivirusb. Coronavirusc. Retrovirusd. Plicoviruse. Cornicivirusf. Lentivirus	1. Retrovirus, Lentivirus (more specifically) Lentivirus group of Retrovirus
	HIV transmission	> Blood and blood products (needle drug injection) > sexual itnercourse = semen, vaginal secretions > vertical infection (mother to infant) > latency promotes the spread
	Which of the following is a route of HIV transmission? a. contact b. airborne c. vertical transmission d. sweat contact e. respiratory borne	vertical transmission
	1. What receptor does the Lentivirus bind to? a. CD8 b. CD4 c. MHC I d. MHC II e. CD28 f. CTLA 2. What cells do they infect?	1. CD4 2. T helper cells
	During HIV infection, where is the infection established after primary infection o cells in blood mucosa? a. epidermis b. spleen c. liver d. lymph node e. MALT f. appendix g. bone marrow	lymph node
	How does I/S host control HIV infection?	The immune response of the host temporarily controls acute infection but doe snot prevent establishment of chronic infection of cells in lymphoid tissues.
	Explain pathogenesis of HIV-AIDs	Host I/S temporarily controls acute infection Establishment o chronic infection of cells in lymphoid tissues succeeds Cytokines produced in response to HIV and other microbes serve to enhance HIV production and progression to AIDs
	1. What inhibitors viral DNA joining host DNA? 2. AZT is an example of: 3. Indinavir example of: a. fusion inhibitors b. reverse transcriptase inhibitor c. integrate inhibitor d. protease inhibitor	1. integrate inhibitor 2. reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nucleoside analogs 3. protease inhibitor
	1. What prevents cleaving viral proteins? 2. What inhibitors RNA > cDNA 3. What inhibits attachment entering cell? 4. Ritonavir? a. fusion inhibitorsb. reverse transcriptase inhibitorc. integrate inhibitord. protease inhibitor	1. protease inhibitors 2. reverse transcriptase inhibitor 3. fusion inhibitors 4. protease inhibitor
	What RNA virus is double stranded?	Reovirus
	General rules - strand RNA viruses	> - RNA viruses have RNA polymerase > - RNA viruses enveloped
	Paramyxovirus what type of virus	- sense RNA virus
	Rhabdovirus what type of virus	- sense RNA virus
	Filovirus what type of virus	- sense RNA virus
	Orthomyxovirus what type of virus	- sense RNA virus
	Bunyavirus	- sense RNA virus
	Arenavirus	- sense RNA virus
	Steps - sense RNA virus	> Fusion of virus w/ host membrane > release ss RNA > ss RNA replication + translation to form proteins ==> formaiton RNA particles
	Orthomyxovirus > Proeprties	Properties > RNA dependent RNA polymerase > replicates in nucleus and cytoplasm Types > Type A, B, C, strains separated by antigenic diference > Type A : infects humans, birds, other mammals (zones) > Type B and C isolated from humans only Sx > Febrile, respiratory illness with systemic symptoms: fever, headache, myalgia Sx > fever, respiratory illness with systemic sx: fever, headache, myalgia Structure > - sense ss RNA virus , linear segmented
	1. What infects humans, birds, and other mammals? 2. Isolated from humans only 3. True influenza? 4. Milder form influenza a. Influenza Type A b. Influenza Type B c. Influenza Type C	1. Influenza Type A 2. Infleunza Type B and C 3. Influenza Type A or B 4. Influenza Type C
	What virus is this?	Orthomyxovirus (Influenza virus) Sx> fever, respiratory illness with systemic sx: fever, headache, myalgia
	Febrile, respiratory illness with systemic symptoms: fever, headache, myalgias	Influenza (Orthomyxovirus)
	- sense RNA segmented virus	Orthomyxovirus (influenza)
	What - strand RNA virus replicates in nucleus and cytoplasm?Reason?	Orthomyxovirus cannibilazies capped 5' termini of the the cellular RNA for use as primers for viral mRNA transcription.
	What cannibalizes capped 5' termini of the the cellular RNA for use as primers for viral mRNA transcription? Reason?	Orthomyxovirus (infleunza)
	Virus?	Influenza (orthomyxovirus)
	Purpose HA in influenza > Clinical use?	Attachment and membrane fusion in endosome of infected cell Mech: Attaches to silica acid containing glycoprotein or glycolipid receptor sites on host cells Antibodies against HA block binding and prevent infection
	Antibodies against what block binding and infection with a virus of Orthomyxovirus?	Abs against HA block binding and prevent infection of Orthomyxovirus (Influenza virus)
	What is a property of Hemagglutinin? a. Splits of a terminal neuraminic acid b. Cleaves neuraminic acid and disrupts the mucin barrier c. Attaches to silica acid containing glycoprotein or glycolipid receptor sites on host cells d. Plays an important role in viral release from infected cells	Attaches to silica acid containing glycoprotein or glycolipid receptor sites on host cells
	What is a property of Hemagglutinin? a. Splits of a terminal neuraminic acid b. Cleaves neuraminic acid and disrupts the mucin barrier c. Plays an important role in viral release from infected cells d. Attachment and membrane fusion of endosome of infected cell	Attachment and membrane fusion of endosome of infected cell
	What is a property of Hemagglutinin? a. Splits of a terminal neuraminic acid b. Cleaves neuraminic acid and disrupts the mucin barrier c. Antibodies against this plays an important role in immunizations d. Plays an important role in viral release from infected cells	Antibodies against this plays an important role in immunizations
	What acts on hemagglutinin receptors by splitting off the terminal neuraminic acid. Virus?	Neuraminidades Influenza virus
	Plays an important role in viral release from infected cells Virus?	Neuraminidades Influenza virus
	Cleaves neuraminic acid and disrupts the mucin barrier	Neuraminidae Influenza virus
	HA and NA accumulate mutations. Term? Virus?	Antigenic Drift Influenza virus (Orthomyxovirus)
	1. Trading of RNA segments between animal and human strains? a. Influenza Type Ab. Influenza Type Bc. Influenza Type C	1. Influenza Type A
	Influenza virus strain endemic in pigs	Swine influenza (H1N1 flu)
	Change of genetic patterns of swine influenza occurs in what?	Pigs or birds
		c. aNTIGENIC SHIF T IS DUE TO POINT MUTATIONS IN THE rnA GENOME > This explains antigenic drift
	Transmission infleunza Incubation Other important aspects	Aerosol transmission (100k - 1 mill virion per droplet 18-72 hr incubation Shedding
	Pathogenesis influenza	Inhalation NA degrades protective mucous layers Virus gains access to epithelial cells Interferes with function of these cells Kills them
	1. What limit viral replication in influenza? 2. Main response of body against influenza? 3. What is less efficient against influenza but lasts longer against influenza? a. interferons b. MHC I Tc cells c. macrophages d. IgA, IgG e. neutrophils	1. Interferons 2. MHC I Tc cells 3. IgA, IgG
	What virus has increased severity in very young, elderly, immunocompromised (pneumonia), heart or lung disease?	Influenza (orhtomyxovirus)
	Secondary bacterial infeciton w/ Staph. aureus, H. influenzae, Strep. pneuoniae associated with what?	Influenza (orthomyxovirus)
	Myositis, Cardiac complications, Reye's syndrome associated with what?	Influenza
	Guillane barre syndrome associated with what?	Influenza
	Antibodies against myelin proteins demyelination polyneuropathy associated with what virus?	Influenza
	Influenza Dx Influenza Tx	Direct IF/EIF Neuramindase assay serology RT-PCR Amantadine/Rimantidine > prevent the uncaring of influenza A > neuramindase inhibitor: prevent release Virus
	1. Prevents uncoating of influenza A 2. Prevent release of virus a. acetaminophen b. interferon c. amantadine d. neuramindase inhibitors	1. Amantadine 2. Neuramindase
	Cause Guilliane Barre	Influenza Campylobacter
		Influenza virus
		1. B. Its genome is unsegmented 2. D. Abs to neuramindase is neutralizing.
	Paramyxovirus -Structure -Properties	Structure > - strand non segmented Enveloped RNA virus Types > Measles (Rubeola, genus Morbillivirus) > Pumps > Respiratory syncitial virus > Parainluenza virus
	What virus?	Paramyxovirus (- SS RNA virus)
		D. Synthesis of + sense RNA by the RNA dependent RNA polymerase
	Measles -Class/structure -Transmission -Properties -Pathogenesis -Sx -Dx	Class (Paramyxovirus) > - ss RNA virus (enveloped) w/ RNA dependent RNA polymerase Transmission > Aerosol, very contagious > 2 week incubation Pathogenesis > inhaled > replicates in respiratory tract > moves to lymphoid tissue > viremia > grows in epithelial tissue Sx: > Well defined produce > Koplik spots (small red base lesions with lieu white centers in mouth) > Non puritic maculopapular rash begins on face and spread to trunk and extremities including palm and soles > Posterior cervical adenopathy is common > 4 Cs = Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis Dx > Serology (IgM) > nASOPHARYNGEAL SWAB _ flUORESEN LABELED ab
	Virus? Structure/class?	Class (Paramyxovirus)> - ss RNA virus (enveloped) w/ RNA dependent RNA polymerase
	What has a well defined produce of conjunctivitis, swelling eyelids, photophobia, fever, hacking cough, rhinitis, and malaise?	Measles (Paramyxovirus) - RNA virus encapsulated
	1. What causes small red based lesions with blue white centers in mouth? 2. Subglottic airway obstruction, inspiratory stridor, dyspnea, hoarseness, sealbark cough. 3. Bites raccoons, bats. a. Influenza b. Measles c. Mumps d. RSV e. Parvovirus f. Parainfluenza virus g. Rhabdovirus	1. Measles (Paramyxovirus) 2. Parainfluenza virus, sx for croup (Paramyxovirus) 3. Rhabdovirus
	1. What causes non puristic maculopapular rash begins on face and spread to trunk and extremities including palms and soles? 2. Croup 3. Moves along nerve axons to the CNS a. Influenzab. Measlesc. Mumpsd. RSVe. Parvovirus f. Parainfluenza virus g. Rhabdovirus	1. Measles 2. Parainfluenza virus 3. Rhabdovirus (rabies), - ss RNA
	Virus? a. Influenzab. Measlesc. Mumpsd. RSVe. Parvovirus	Measles
	1. What can cause subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis (SSPE)? 2. What lacks H and N proteins? 3. Laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) 4. Binds to nicotinic Ach receptors to nerve or muscle cells at the site a. Influenzab. Measlesc. Mumpsd. RSVe. Parvovirus f. Rhabdovirus	1. Measles 2. RSV 3. Parainfluenza virus 4. Rhabdovirus
	1. What can cause a autoimmune attack against myelin basic protein? a. Influenzab. Measlesc. Mumpsd. RSVe. Parvovirus 2. Inflamed tender parotid	1. Measles 2. Mumps
	1. Parotitis, Pancreatitis 2. Koplek spots?	1. Mumps 2. Measles > top 2 paramyxovirus
	1. Coryza, cough, conjunctivitis 2. Orchitis in adult males	1. Measles (Paramyxovirus) 2. Mumps (Paramyxovirus)
		Paramyxovirus (Measles) - ss RNA virus
		1. Measles (Paramyxovirus) - ss RNA virus 2. Hemagglutination inhibition test
		Measles (Paramyxovirus)
	Mumps -Properties -Sx -Dx -Pathogenesis -Transmission	Class > paramyxovirus (- ss RNA encapsulated) Sx > Parotitis > Pancreatitis > Orchitis in adult males > Meningocncephalitis > polyarthritis Pathogenesis > inhaled > replicates in respirattory tract > moves to lymphoid tissue > viremia > srpeads to salivary glands Transmission: > aerosols (respiratory secretions, saliva) > secreted in urine > very contagious Dx: ELISA, Complement fixing antibody to the S
	Sx: Parotidis, pancreatitis, orchitis in adult males, meningoencephalitis, polyarthritis	Mumps
		1. Measles 2. Phosphorylase is an important virulence factor
	Respiratory Syncytial virus > Properties > Result > Mechanism > Pathogenesis	Properties > class Paramyxovirus > - strand ss RNA enveloped > highly contagious > peak winter, early spring > no long lasting immunity Sx > Bronchiolitis (usually < 1 year) Mechanism > F protien (fusion) = fuses viral particle to host cell = Fuses neighboring cells, creating a syncytium > G protein = Highly glycosylated = Important for attachment = Antigenic variation Pathogenesis > Virus attaches (via G protein) to cells of respiratory tract > Necrosis and syncytial formation . cell to cell transfer of virus > Cell to cell transfer of virus Mucus plugs and bronchoconstriction
		A.
		A. RSV
	Parainfluenza virus > Properties > Sx > Dx	Properties > Paramyxovirus (ss - RNA enveloepd virus) Sx > croup ( laryngotracheobronchitis) Dx > Antigen detection > RT-PCR
	Rhabdovirus > Properties > Result > Pathogenesis	Properties > - sense ss RNA enveloped > bullet shaped Transmission > bites infected animals: BATS, raccoons, coyotes Result > Rabies Pathogenesis > Virus inoculated into tissue . binds via nicotinic Ach receptors to nerve or muscle cells at site > moves along nerve axons to CNS > Spreads to brain > encephalitis > coma and death Clinical findings Prodromal: Pain or itching Disease > Hydrophobia, salivation, seizures, hallucinations, paralysis, coma, death
	Hydrophobia, salivation, seizures, hallucinations, paralysis, coma, death	Rabies (Rhabdovirus), - ss RNA virus
		E. All of the above
		Enterovirus
	Rabies > Sx	Sx > Prodrome: Initially produce (fever, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, malaise, headache, lathery) > Neurological symptoms: Hydrophobia, seizures, disorientation, hallucination, paralysis, confusion > Coma, death Mechanism > Goes to peripheral nerves and enters CNS Tx > Sx evident: Too late, > Shortly after bite = Post exposure prophylaxis: - 1 dose human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG), antibodies that are made against the viral proteins - Vaccination with the killed virus vaccine: 5 doses of rabies vaccine: days: 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 Prevention > vaccinate to high risk groups > pre-exposure prophylaxis Control > vaccination animals > elimination of rabid animals
	Hydrophobia in what?	Rabies (Rhabdovirus)
	Tx rabies	Only right after bite > Post exposure prophylaxis = 1 die human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG) > vaccination with killed virus vaccine: 5 doses of rabies vaccine ( days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28)
	Filoviridae	Structure > filamentous enveloped - ss RNA virus Sx > Severe hemorrhagic fever Geography > Endemic in Africa = Ebola, Marburg Transmission > transmission of Ebola among humans via direct contact with infected person or his or her body fluids = Blood, feces, vomit, urine, semen, breast milk > Pig > non human primates (pro-nasal swabs and blood)
	Bunyaviridae	Structure > segmented negative ss RNA, enveloped helical capsid Sx > California encephalitis > LaCross encephalitis = Mosquito borne = Younger than 15 years exhibit severer cases
	Younger than 15 year exhibit severer cases in what?	Bunyaviridae (- ss RNA helical virus)
	1. New Guinea 2. Ingestion of infected cow brains 3. Scraping wool off on fences on sheep a. bovine spongiform encephalitis b. scrapie c. kuru d. gerstmann straussler scheinker syndrome e. creutzfeldt-jakob disease	1. Kuru 2. Creutzfeldt-Jakob 3. Scrapie
	Transmissable particles that are devoid of nucleic acid and seem to be composed exclusively of a modified protein a. virion b. viroid c. RNA virus d. DNA virus e. priod f. prion	prion
	1. Cannibalism 2. Genetic predisposition SSE 3. Sheep a. bovine spongiform encephalitisb. scrapiec. kurud. gerstmann straussler scheinker syndromee. creutzfeldt-jakob disease	1. Kuru 2. Creutzfeldt-Jakob 3. Scrapie
	1. Large majority of people with HIV are what? a. heterosexual men b. heterosexual women c. homosexual men d. homosexual women 2. Large majority of people with HVI are what? a. noncolored b. white c. asian d. colored	1. homosexual men 2. colored
	Has the basic mode o transmission and preventing HIV change in 20 years?	No
	Is the HIV epidemic over?	No
	1. Virus associated reverse transcriptase. 2. Human T cell leukemia a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus	1. Retrovirus 2. Oncovirus
	Mnimal components retrovirus?	> Outer envelope > Capsid w/ = 2 + ss RNA molecules = Reverse transcriptase = Integrase = Protease
	1. Causative agent AIDs 2. Blood and sexual itnercourse a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus	1. Lentivirus (HIV) 2. Retroviridae
	HIV transmission	> Blood and blood products (needle drug injection) > Sexual itnercourse = semen, vaginal secretions > Vertical infection
	1. CD4+ T cell counts steadily decline. 2. Purple spots a. acute infection b. clinical latency c. constitutional symptosm d. AIDs	1. clinical latency 2. AIDs: opportunistic diseases
	What can be used to detect plasma viremia levels of HIV during clinical latency? a. western blot b. ELISA c. rtPCR d. northern blot e. fluorescence assay	rtPCR
	What enhance HIV production and progression to AIDs? a. antibodies b. complement c. cytokines d. interferons	cytokines
	1. Opportunistic infecitons, cancers, CNS dysfunctions 2. Aseptic meningitis or rash 3. Fever, weight loss/wasting, fatigue a. acute infectionb. clinical latencyc. constitutional symptosmd. AIDs e. chronic HIV infection	1. AIDs 2. acute infection (occurring up to 3 months later infection) 3. chronic HIV infection
	1. CD4 T cells < 200 a. acute infection b. clinical latency c. constitutional symptosm d. AIDs	AIDs(full blown)
	1. CD4+ under 50 cells/uL 2. CD4+ under 200 3. CD4+ under 400 4. CD4+ under 500 a. Candida albicans b. Cryptococcus meningitidis c. Pneumocystic jirovecci d. Toxoplasma gondii e. Tuberculosis and other mycobacteria f. Herpesvirus infe ctions	1. Herpesvirus infections (HSV, VZV, EBV, CMV) 2. Cryptococcus meningitis, Candida albicans (Fungal infecitons) 3. Tuberculosis and other micro bacteria 4. Candida albicans (250-500)
	CD4+ < 50 result	Herpesvirus ifnections (HSV, VZV, EBV, CMV)
	CD4+ T cells < 400/uL	Tuberculosis and other mycobacteria
	CD4 < 200/uL	Fungal infections > Pneumocystic jirovecci pneumoniae (< 200) > Cryptococcal meningitis (<200) > Oral candidiasis (250-500)
	1. Nucleoside analog 2. Inhibitors viral release 3. nONNUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS a. AZT b. Delavirdine c. Indinavir d. Nevirapine e. Nelfinavir f. Ritonavir g. HAART h. fusion inhibitor	1. AZT 2. Indinavir, Nelfinavir, Ritonavir (protease inhibitors) 3. Delavirdine, Nevirapine
	1. Contains reverse transcriptase and 2 strands of RNA 2. HIV binds to these receptors 3. Antibodies recognize what on HIV? a. gp41 b. gp120 c. p17 d. p24 e. p7, p9 f. myristic acid g. CD4	1. gp120 2. CD4 3. gp120
	During the course of HIV infection, quantities of virus are trapped where? a. spleen b. lymph vessels c. lymph nodes d. MALT e. BALT	lymph nodes
	As uninfected helper T cells pass through what, they become infected with HIV? a. spleenb. lymph vesselsc. lymph nodesd. MALTe. BALT	lymph nodes
	1. 2. Anal condylomata 3. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus	1. 2. Lentivirus (HIV)
	Describe. a. Anal condylomata b. Herpes simplex virus c. Psoriasis d. Oral warts e. Oral candidiasis f. Oral ulcers g. Pneumocystic jirovecii h. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis i. Kaposi sarcoma j. Human papillomavirus k. Dermatomal herpes zoster l. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy m. AIDs dementia complex	AIDs dementia complex
	Describe. a. Anal condylomatab. Herpes simplex virusc. Psoriasisd. Oral warts e. Oral candidiasis f. Oral ulcers g. Pneumocystic jirovecii h. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis i. Kaposi sarcoma j. Human papillomavirus k. Dermatomal herpes zoster l. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy m. AIDs dementia complex	Progressive leukoencephalopathy
	Describe. a. Anal condylomatab. Herpes simplex virusc. Psoriasisd. Oral warts e. Oral candidiasis f. Oral ulcers g. Pneumocystic jirovecii h. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis i. Kaposi sarcoma j. Human papillomavirus k. Dermatomal herpes zoster l. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy m. AIDs dementia complex	Dermatomal herpes zoster (HSV 3)
	Describe. a. Anal condylomatab. Herpes simplex virusc. Psoriasisd. Oral warts e. Oral candidiasis f. Oral ulcers g. Pneumocystic jirovecii h. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis i. Kaposi sarcoma j. Human papillomavirus k. Dermatomal herpes zoster l. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy m. AIDs dementia complex	Human papillomavirus (HSV-1)
	Describe. a. Anal condylomatab. Herpes simplex virusc. Psoriasisd. Oral warts e. Oral candidiasis f. Oral ulcers g. Pneumocystic jirovecii h. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis i. Kaposi sarcoma j. Human papillomavirus k. Dermatomal herpes zoster l. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy m. AIDs dementia complex	Kaposi sarcoma HSV-8
	Describe. a. Anal condylomatab. Herpes simplex virusc. Psoriasisd. Oral warts e. Oral candidiasis f. Oral ulcers g. Pneumocystic jirovecii h. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis i. Kaposi sarcoma j. Human papillomavirus k. Dermatomal herpes zoster l. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy m. AIDs dementia complex	Herpes simplex virus
	Describe. a. Anal condylomatab. Herpes simplex virusc. Psoriasisd. Oral warts e. Oral candidiasis f. Oral ulcers g. Pneumocystic jirovecii h. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis i. Kaposi sarcoma j. Human papillomavirus k. Dermatomal herpes zoster l. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy m. AIDs dementia complex	Cytomegalovirus Retinitis (HSV-5) Pizza pie like retinitis
	Describe. a. Anal condylomata b. Herpes simplex virus c. Psoriasis d. Oral warts e. Oral candidiasis f. Oral ulcers g. Pneumocystic jirovecii h. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis i. Kaposi sarcoma j. Human papillomavirus k. Dermatomal herpes zoster l. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy m. AIDs dementia complex	Anal condylomata (HPV, 6 or 11), condylomata (genital warts)
	Describe. a. Anal condylomata b. Herpes simplex virus c. Psoriasis d. Oral warts e. Oral candidiasis f. Oral ulcers g. Pneumocystic jirovecii h. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis i. Kaposi sarcoma j. Human papillomavirus k. Dermatomal herpes zoster l. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy m. AIDs dementia complex	Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
	Describe. a. Anal condylomata b. Herpes simplex virus c. Psoriasis d. Oral warts e. Oral candidiasis f. Oral ulcers g. Pneumocystic jirovecii h. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis i. Kaposi sarcoma j. Human papillomavirus k. Dermatomal herpes zoster l. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy m. AIDs dementia complex	Psoriasis
	Describe. a. Anal condylomata b. Herpes simplex virus c. Psoriasis d. Oral warts e. Oral candidiasis f. Oral ulcers g. Pneumocystic jirovecii h. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis i. Kaposi sarcoma j. Human papillomavirus k. Dermatomal herpes zoster l. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy m. AIDs dementia complex	Oral warts
	Describe. a. Anal condylomata b. Herpes simplex virus c. Psoriasis d. Oral warts e. Oral candidiasis f. Oral ulcers g. Pneumocystic jirovecii h. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis i. Kaposi sarcoma j. Human papillomavirus k. Dermatomal herpes zoster l. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy m. AIDs dementia complex	Oral candidiasis
	Describe. a. Anal condylomata b. Herpes simplex virus c. Psoriasis d. Oral warts e. Oral candidiasis f. Oral ulcers g. Pneumocystic jirovecii h. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis i. Kaposi sarcoma j. Human papillomavirus k. Dermatomal herpes zoster l. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy m. AIDs dementia complex	Oral ulcers (primary HIV infection)
	Describe. a. Anal condylomata b. Herpes simplex virus c. Psoriasis d. Oral warts e. Oral candidiasis f. Oral ulcers g. Pneumocystic jirovecii h. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis i. Kaposi sarcoma j. Human papillomavirus k. Dermatomal herpes zoster l. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy m. AIDs dementia complex	Pneumocystic (carinii) jirovecii Pneumonia
	The first cases of AIDs occurred when?	1981
	To find the source of AIDs?	Look for the origin of HIV
	Lentiviruses have bene found in a wife range of: a. birds b. mammals c. snakes d. cats e. primates f. rodents	primates
	1. Collectively known as simian (monkey viruses)? 2. Measles 3. Influenza 4. Mumps 4. ebola virus 5. Polio a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus	1. Lentiviruses 2. Paramyxovirus 3. Orthomyxovirus 4. Filovirus 5. Picornavirus
	1. Descendent of simian virus. 2. Raccoon 3. Norwalk virus 4. Rubella a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus	1. Lentivirus (HIV) 2. Rhabdovirus (rabies) 3. Caliciviridae 4. Togavirus
	1. Large majority people of this group have HIV? 2. People of this group are disproportionately represented among local new infections. a. homosexual men b. homosexual female c. people of color d. white people e. asian people f. philipino people	1. homosexual men 2. people of color
	Post exposure prophylaxis HIV	> Tx w/ antiretroviral drugs ater exposure to HIV within 72 hours and continued for a month > Shows 80% reduction in HIV infections for occupational exposures > Concerns for drug and sexual exposures
	Explain post exposure prophylaxis of HIV? a. started within 24 hrs and continued for 2 weeks b. started within 72 hours and continued for 2 weeks c. started within 72 hours and continued for a month d. started within 48 hours and continued for a month	started within 72 hours and continued for a month
	What to do if you have HIV	> Avoid sex if you have symptoms of an STD > Notify recent partners if you have an STD
	Condom effectiveness?	> Intact latex condoms do not allow air, water, viruses, and other organisms such as bacteria to pass > prevent pregnancy up to 98% of the time > in studies among 124 discordant couples (Male +, Female -) who used condoms consistently over 2 years, none of the uninfected partners became infected with HIV.
	Prevention HIV	> Abstinence > Mutual monogamy with uninfected partner > Limited sexual contact (non-penetrative) > Condoms - correct and consistent use > Reduce # of sexual partners > Talk w/ new partners about risk reduction > Tx of curable STDs, vaccinate (prevent Hep. B)
	Antiretroviral treatment properties	Triple drug cocktail > attack the virus at different points in the replication process
	HIV-2?	> Correspond to a simian immunodeficiency virus found in the sooty mangabey (SIVsm) monkey, aka the green monkey, indigenous to Western Africa
	HIV statistics AIDs statistics	HIV > 50% new infection people between ages 15-24 > low Socioeconomic status > IVDU and women AIDs stats > # AIDS deaths decreasing > # AIDS diagnoses are falling
	1. Epidemic viral gastroenteritis w/ vomiting and diarrhea 2. SARS. 3. + strand RNA genome replicated via a double stranded RNA intermediate that is formed using viral RDRP 4. Asymmetric paralysis that most often involves the legs a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus	1. Norwalk virus, Caliciviridae, Fecal oral route 2. Coronavirus, respiratory droplets 3. Picornavirus (Enterovrius, Rhinovirus, Hepatnovirus (Hep A)) 4. Poliovirus, Enterovirus, Picornavirus (Poliomyelitis spinal polio, fecal oral route), nonenveloped + SS RNA virus
	1. Immunocompromised may need hospitalization for rehydraitont therapy 2. Initiate productive infection of the salivary gland in arthropod. 3. Enveloped helical ss + RNA virus 4. Primary viremia and then secondary viremia. 5. Causes abnormal prenatal development. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus	1. norwalk virus, caliciviridae (ss nonenveloped + RNA virus) 2. Flavivirus (ss enveloped + RNA virus) 3. Coronavirus (ss enveloped + RNA virus) 4. Picornavirus 5. Togavirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus (respiratory droplets)
	1. Mosquito can transfer the disease from human to human 2. Methylisoxazole. Virus, mechanism. 3. Muscle weakness and acute flaccid paralysis 4. Singapore, taiwan, indonesia, philippines, india, brazil 5. Congenital rubella syndrome. 6. Group of physical abnormalities that have developed in an infant as a result of maternal infection and subsequent fetal infection with this virus. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus	1. Flavivirus (ss enveloped + RNA virus) 2. Picornaviridae, stabilizes picornaviruses by coating virus remains in cytoplasm, 3-methyloisoxazole group inserts in capsid VP1 and covers ion channels. 3. Poliovirus, Enterovirus, Picornavirus (Poliomyelitis, fecal oral route) 4. Dengue virus, Flavivirus (ss enveloped + RNA virus) 5. Togavirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus (respiratory droplets) 6. Togavirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus (respiratory droplets)
	1. Occurs primarily in the late summer or early fall 2. Higher fever, hemorrhagic phenomena, thormbocytopenia, hemoconcentration 3. Pleconaril prevents the virus attachment to host cell. 4. Pleconaril prevents the virus from exposing its RNA. 5. Sabine live attenuated virus and salk injectable killed virus. 6. Contain alpha virus group: Western Equine encephalitis virus, Eastern Equine encephalitis virus, Venezuelan Equine encephalitis virus. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus	1. St louis encephalitits flavivirus, + ss RNA enveloped virus 2. Dengue virus, Flavivirus (ss enveloped + RNA virus) 3. Rhinovirus, Picornavirus, - sense unenveloped RNA virus 4. Enteroviruses, Picornavirus, - sense unenveloped RNA virus 5. Poliovirus, Enterovirus, Picornavirus (Poliomyelitis, fecal oral route) 6. Togavirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus
	1. Upper respiratory tract, oropharynx, intestinal tract portrals of entry 2. Sudden onset of fever, severe headache, muscle and joint pains 3. Enter CNS, preferentially infecting and destroying motor neurons. Name sx? Route? 4. Jaundice 5. Headache, high fever, neck stiffness, spastic paralysis 6. Spring ideal conditions for viral replication. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus	1. Enterovirus, Picornavirus 2. Dengue virus, Flavivirus (ss enveloped + RNA virus) 3. Poliovirus, Enterovirus, Picornavirus (Poliomyelitis, fecal oral route) 4. Hepatitis A, Picornavirus (SS unenveloepd RNA virus) 5. St louis encephalitits flavivirus, + ss RNA enveloped virus 6. Togavirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus
	1. Liver cancer, cirrhosis 2. Mild illness with fever and headache, neck stiffness 3. Primary viremia, secondary viremia 4. Aseptic meningitis, myocarditis, pericarditis, bornholm disease 5. Aedes (A aegypti) mosquito 6. Jaundice 7. Pleconaril treatment for: (mechanism?) a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus	1. Hepatitis C virus flavivirus, + ss RNA enveloped virus 2. St louis encephalitits flavivirus, + ss RNA enveloped virus 3. Picornaviridae 4. Coxsackie virus type B, Enterovirus, Picornavirus 5. Dengue virus, Flavivirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus 6. Hepatitis A, Picornavirus (SS unenveloepd RNA virus) 7. Picornaviridae, binds to a hydrophobic pocket int he VP1 o picornaviruses
	1. Culex mosquito 2. Sudden onset of fever, backache, generalized muscle pain, nausea and vomiting, prostration, chills, headache 3. High fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness, paralysis 4. massive GI hemorrhages causing black vomit 5. Biphasic pattern in which patients can pass on the infection only via mosquitos, blood products during febrile period only. 6. Treatment is IFN-a, Ribavirin. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus	1. St. louis encephalitis, flavivirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus 2. Yellow fever, flavivirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus 3. West Nile Virus, flavivirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus 4. Yellow fever, flavivirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus 5. Dengue fever, flavivirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus 6. Hepatitis C virus flavivirus, + ss RNA enveloped virus
	1. Fever, headache, rash on the run, swollen lymph nodes 2. Severe systemic disease with degenerative of the liver, kidney, heart and hemorrhage 3. Enterovirus, Rhinovirus, Hepatovirus are examples of: 4. Flavivirus that is transmitted via blood borne and sexual contact routes 5. Fever, blsiters on the hands, palate and feet 6. Aseptic meningitis, severe overwhelming encephalitis. 7. lABIEL IN ACID. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus	1. West Nile Virus, flavivirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus 2. Yellow fever, flavivirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus 3. Picornavirus, unencapsulaed + ss RNA virus 4. Hepatitis C virus flavivirus, + ss RNA enveloped virus 5. Coxsackie virus A, Enterovirus, Picornavirus (vesicles on sot palate and fauces) 6. St. louis encephalitis, flavivirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus 7. Rhinovirus, Picornavirus, - sense unenveloped RNA virus
	Describe. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e.	Yellow fever, flavivirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus
	Describe. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e.	St. louis encephalitis, flavivirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus > culex lays eggs
	Describe a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever	West Nile Virus, flavivirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus
	Describe a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever	West Nile Virus, flavivirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus
	Nonenveloped RNA viruses	All + sense RNA viruses Reovirus (ds RNA) Picornavirus = PERCH > Enteroviruses: Echovirus, Coxsackia A, B, Poliovirus, > Rhinovirus > Hepatovirus (Hep a). Calicivirus > Hep B.
	1. Weakness of muscles innervated by cranial nerves 2. Consumed or raw or undercooked shellfish from sewage infested water 3. Replicates at a lower temperature (33 C) 4. Encephalitis, arthralgia, mild fever. 5. Vesicles on soft palate and fauces, describe sx. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus	1. Poliovirus, Enterovirus, Picornavirus (Poliomyelitis, fecal oral route) 2. Hepatitis A, Picornavirus (SS unenveloepd RNA virus) 3. Rhinovirus, Picornavirus, - sense unenveloped RNA virus 4. Togavirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus 5. Coxsackie virus A, Enterovirus, Picornavirus (Herpangia)
	1. Sudden sharp pains on the intercostal muscles on one side of the chest, Sx name? 2. ALT levels rise 3. Herpangia 4. Mosquito borne diseases causing CNS infection. 5. Causes microcephala, patent ductus arteriosis, and cataracts. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus	1. Coxsackie virus B, Enterovirus, Picornavirus (Myocarditis, Bornholm disease (Pleurodynia, the Devil's Grip) 2. Hepatitis A, Picornavirus, unenveloped + SS RNA 3. Coxsackie virus A, Enterovirus, Picornavirus (vesicles on sot palate and fauces) 4. Togavirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus 5. Togavirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus (respiratory droplets)
	1. Congenital rubella syndrome. 2. 3. Orally ingested virus enters the blood stream via the lining of the intestine tract migrating to the liver parenchymal cells. 4. Virus binds to ICAM receptor, Zn2+ compete with LFA-1 for ICAM-1 receptor sites, reducing LFA-1 binding and suppressing inflamation 5. Fever and blisters on the hands, palate, and feet. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus	1. Togavirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus (respiratory droplets) 2. 3. Hepatitis A, Picornavirus, unenveloped + SS RNA 4. Rhinovirus, Picornavirus, - sense unenveloped RNA virus 5. Coxsackie virus A, Enterovirus, Picornavirus (hand, foot and mouth disease)
	1. Upper respiratory tract infecrtion. 2. Teratogenic, causing serious consequences during first trimester of gestation. Transmission? 3. Myocarditis, pericarditis, aseptic meningitis 4. 5. No chronic infected with this liver virus. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus	1. Rhinovirus, Picornavirus, - sense unenveloped RNA virus 2. Togavirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus (respiratory droplets) 3. Coxsackie virus A, Enterovirus, Picornavirus (hand, foot and mouth disease) 4. 5. Hepatitis A, Picornavirus, unenveloped + SS RNA
	1. Agent? 2. Sx? a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus	1. Coxsackie virus A, Enterovirus, Picornavirus 2. Herpangina
	Describe. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus	Coxsackie virus B, Enterovirus, Picornavirus
	Describe. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus	Hepatitis A, Picornavirus, unenveloped + SS RNA
	1. Binds to a hydrophobic pocket in VP1 of these viruses. What viruses? 2. Live vaccine for polio 3. Stabilizes this. Virus? 4. Cirrhsois, liver cancer 5. Inactive polio vaccine 6. Encephalitis linked with horses. a. IFN-a b. Pleconaril c. Methylisoxazole compounds d. Salk polio vaccine e. Sabine attenuated vaccine f. Hepatitis A vaccine g. Ribavirin	1. Pleconaril (Picornaviruses: Rhinoviruses, Enteroviruses) 2. Sabin 3. Methylisoxazole compounds (Picornavirus) 4. IFN-a, Ribavirin (Hepatitis C, Flaviviridae, non arbovirus) 5. Salk 6. Togavirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus
	Describe. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus	Togavirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus (respiratory droplets)
	Describe. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus	Togavirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus (respiratory droplets)
	Describe. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus	Togavirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus (respiratory droplets)
	1. Encephalitis highly linked with horses. 2. Upper respiratory tract 3. Pleconaril prevents this virus from attaching to host cell a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis	1. Togavirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus (respiratory droplets) 2. Rhinovirus, Picornavirus 3. Rhinovirus, Picornavirus
	1. Oral fecal route, attacks liver, Calicivirus 2. Hepatic cancer, cirrhosis 3. Jaundice 4. Alpha virus group 5. ALT levels increase 6. Croup a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis	1. Hepatitis E , Calicivirus 2. Hepatitis C, Flavivirus 3. Hepatitis A, Picornavirus 4. Togavirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus (respiratory droplets) 5. Hepatitis A, Picornavirus 6. Parainfluenza virus, Paramyxoviridae (linaer non segmented - sense ss RNA virus)
	1. Causes Toxoplasma gondii 2. Pleconaril prevents this virus from exposing its RNA 3. Teratogenic 4. Virus binds to ICAM receptor 5. IFN-a a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis	1. Lentivirus (HIV, Retrovirus) 2. Enterovirus 3. Togavirus, + ss enveloped RNA virus (respiratory droplets) 4. Rhinovirus, Picornavirus, unenveloped + sense RNA virus 5. Hep C, Picornavirus, unenveloped + sense RNA virus
	1. Replicates in nucleus and cytoplasm 2. Linear non segmetned - RNA viruses 3. Linear > circular ssRNA with 3 ambisense segments 4. Circular sRNA with 2 segments: 1 negative sense + 1 ambisense 5. Most of these viruses replicate in the cytoplasm a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis	1. Orthomyxovirus (- sense enveloped linear segmented RNA virus) 2. Paramyxovirus, Rhabdovirus, Filovirus 3. Bunyavirus (- sense ss RNA virus) 4. Arena virus (- sense ss RNA virus) 5. - sense RNA virus
	1. Teratogenic 2. Croup 3. Bronchiolitis and pneumoniae in infants a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis	1. Togavirus 2. Parainfluenza virus, Paramyxoviridae (linaer non segmented - sense ss RNA virus) 3. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Paramyxoviridae (linaer non segmented - sense ss RNA virus)
	Describe. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus	Paramyxoviridae (linear non segmented - sense ss RNA virus) > parainfluenza > RSV
	1. Ribavirin treatment for: 2. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis	1. RSV, Paramyxoviridae (linear non segmented - sense ss RNA virus)
	1. Paramyxovirus, types 2. This medication is a guanosine monophosphate (GMP) analog that inhibits nucleoside synthesis and mRNA capping. This inhibits what virus. 3. Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis	1. Measles, Mumps, Parainfluenza virus, RSV 2. RSV, Paramyxoviridae (linear non segmented - sense ss RNA virus) 3. Measles, Paramyxoviridae (linear non segmented - sense ss RNA virus)
	1. 2. 3. 4. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis 5. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis	1. 2. 3. 4. Measles, Paramyxoviridae (linear non segmented - sense ss RNA virus)
	Describe. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus	Measles, Paramyxoviridae (linear non segmented - sense ss RNA virus)
	Describe. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus	Measles, Paramyxoviridae (linear non segmented - sense ss RNA virus)
	1. IFN-a treatment 2. Koplik spots resemble grains of salt on the oral mucosa. 3. Bites of rabid animals 4. Enveloped helical capsid 5. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis	1. Hepatitis C 2. Measles, Paramyxoviridae (linear non segmented - sense ss RNA virus) 3. Rhabdovirus, rabies (linear non segmented - sense ss RNA virus) 4. Bunyaviridae, linear circular ssRNA w/ 3 ambisense segments
	1. Filamentous non segmented linear - ss RNA virus 2. California encephalitis 3. 4. Bullet shaped virus 5. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis	1. Filoviridae (non segmented linear - ss RNA) 2. Bunyaviridae, linear circular ssRNA w/ 3 ambisense segments 3. 4. Rhabdovirus, rabies (linear non segmented - sense ss RNA virus) 5.
	1. Laryngotracheobronchitis 2. Hydrophobia 3. Ebola is a member: 4. LaCrosse encephalitis 5. Orchitis, possible sterility adult males a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis	1. Laryngotracheobronchitis, Parainfluenzavirus, Paramyxoviridae (linear non segmented - sense ss RNA virus) 2. Rhabdoviridae (Rabies) 3. Filoviridae (non segmented linear - ss RNA) 4. Bunyaviridae, linear circular ssRNA w/ 3 ambisense segments 5. Mumps, Paramyxoviridae (linear non segmented - sense ss RNA virus)
	1. Upper respiratory infection 2. Weakness of muscles innervated by cranial nerves, Name Sx? 3. Laryngotracheobronchitis 4. Parotidis 5. Photophobia 6. Children < 15 exhibit worse symptoms a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis	1. Rhinovirus, Picornavirus, + unenveloepd virus 2. Poliovirus, Enterovirus, Picornavirus, + unenveloepd virus 3. Parainfluenzavirus, Paramyxoviridae (linear non segmented - sense ss RNA virus) 4. Mumps, Paramyxoviridae (linear non segmented - sense ss RNA virus) 5. Measles, Paramyxoviridae (linear non segmented - sense ss RNA virus) 6. Hantavirus, Bunyaviridae, linear circular ssRNA w/ 3 ambisense segments
	1. Astrogliosis 2. Spongiform encephalotpathy in sheep 3. Upper respiratory tract infection, double stranded RNA virus 4. Upper respiratory tract infection, unenveloped + ss RNA virus 5. Encephalitis, associated with horses a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis	1. BSE in humans 2. Scrapie 3. Reovirus 4. Rhinovirus, Picornaviridae 5. Togaviridae, + ss enveloped RNA virus
	1. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome 2. Bronchiolitis and pneumoniae in infants 3. loss motor control, dementia, paralysis 4. Encephalitis highly linked with horses 5. Jaundice a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis in casstle > BSE in humans	1. Bunyavirus, - ss RNA virus, linear > circular ss RNA w/ 3 ambisense segments 2. RSV, Paramyxovirus, linear non segmented - ss RNA virus 3. BSE (bovine spongiorm encephalitis) in humans 4. Togavirus, enveloped ss + RNA virus 5. Hepatitis A, Picornavirus, unenveloped ss + RNA virus
	1. Replicates at lower temperatures 2. Myocarditis, Bornholm disease 3. Hydrophobia 4. Common Africa 5. ALT levels rise a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis in casstle > BSE in humans	1. Rhinovirus, Picornavirus, unenveloped ss + RNA virus 2. Coxsackie virus B, Enterovirus, Picornavirus, unenveloped ss + RNA virus 3. Rhabdovirus (Rabies), - linear ss nonsegmented RNA linear virus 4. Ebola, Filovirus, - linear ss nonsegmented RNA linear virus 5. Hepatitis A, Picornavirus, unenveloped ss + RNA virus
	1. Single helical nucleocapsid glycoprotein 2. Hemorrhagic fever 3. Virus enters CNS preferentially infecting and destroying motor neurons. 4. Enveloped virus that infects people and animals 5. Colex mosquito 6. Linear ss RNA w/ 8 segments a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis in casstle > BSE in humans	1. Paramyxoviridae, - ss linear RNA virus 2. Dengue fever, Flavivirus, + ss linear RNA virus 3. Poliovirus (poliomyelitis), Enterovirus, Picornavirus, unenveloped, + SS linear RNA virus 4. Influenzavirus type A, Orthomyxovirus, segmented - linear RNA virus 5. SLE, Flavivirus, + ss linear RNA virus 6. Orthomyxovirus (influenza virus)
	1. Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome 2. Weakness of muscles innervated by cranial nerves 3. Rodent feces 4. Severe hemorrhagic fever, Ebola 5. Arthralgia and mild fever 6. Epidemic viral gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea 7. Laryngotracheobronchitis a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis in casstle > BSE in humans	1. Coronavirus, enveloped ss + RNA sense virus 2. Poliovirus (bulbar polio), Enterovirus, Picornavirus, unenveloped, + SS linear RNA virus 3. Bunyavirus, - linear segmented RNA linear virus (circular ssRNA w/ 3 ambisense segments) 4. Filoviridae, Filamentous enveloped - RNA virus 5. Togavirus, + ss linear enveloped RNA virus 6. Norwalk virus, Calicivirus, nonenveloped ss + RNA sense virus 7. Parainfluenzavirus, Paramyxovirus, - ss linear RNA virus
	1. Cirrhosis, liver cancer 2. Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis 3. Salk vaccine 4. Primary viral pneumoniae, secondary bacterial pneumonia 5. Asymmetric paralysis that most involves the legs 6. Swollen lymph nodes, neck stifness a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis in casstle > BSE in humans	1. Hep. C, flavivirus, enveloped ss + RNA sense virus 2. Measles, Paramyxovirus, linear - ss RNA virus 3. Poliovirus (spinal polio), Enterovirus, Picornavirus, unenveloped, + SS linear RNA virus 4. Influenza virus, Orthomyxovirus, segmented - segmented RNA virus 5. Poliovirus (spinal polio), Enterovirus, Picornavirus, unenveloped, + SS linear RNA virus 6. West Nile virus, flavivirus, enveloped ss + RNA sense virus
	1. Aseptic meningitis, severe overwhelming encephalitis 2. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis 3. Sabine vaccine 4. Pleconaril prevents this virus from attaching to host cell 5. High endemic area in UT, AZ, NM, CO 6. Jaundice, Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage causing black vomit. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis in casstle > BSE in humans	1. SLE, flavivirus, enveloped ss + RNA sense virus 2. Measles, Paramyxovirus, linear - ss RNA virus 3. Poliovirus (spinal polio), Enterovirus, Picornavirus, unenveloped, + SS linear RNA virus 4. Rhinovirus, Picornavirus, unenveloped linear + SS RNA virus (stabilizes picornaviruses) 5. Bunyavirus, - segmented RNA linear virus (circular ssRNA w/ 3 ambisense segments) 6. yellow fever, flavivirus, enveloped ss + RNA sense virus
	1. Severe systemic disease with degenerative o the liver, kidney, heart, and hemorrhage 2. Cough, myalgia, dyspnea, tachycardia, pulmonary edema and effusion and hypotension 3. Pleconaril prevents this virus from exposing its RNA, mechanism 4. Methylosoxazole, function, mechanism 5. Interferon alpha 6. Koplik spots a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis in casstle > BSE in humans	1. yellow fever, flavivirus, enveloped ss + RNA sense virus 2. Bunyavirus, - segmented RNA linear virus (circular ssRNA w/ 3 ambisense segments) 3. Enterovirus, Picornavirus, unenveloped linear + SS RNA virus (stabilizes picornaviruses) 4. Picornavirus, unenveloped linear + SS RNA virus (stabilizes picornaviruses) 5. Hepatitis C, Flavivirus, linear + SS RNA virus 6. Measles, Paramyxovirus, linear - ss RNA virus
	1. Maculopapular rash from behind the ears down leading to giant cell pneumonia 2. + strand RNA genome replication via double stranded RNA intermediate that is formed using viral rDRP 3. Humans only reservoir 4. Orchitis in adult males 5. Tamiflu, use 6. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis in casstle > BSE in humans	1. Measles, Paramyxovirus, linear - ss RNA virus 2. Picornaviridae, unenveloped + ss RNA virus 3. Hepatitis A, Picornavirus, unenveloped + SS RNA virus 4. Mumps, Paramyxovirus, linear - ss RNA virus 5. Influenza virus, tx patient > 1 year 6.
	1. Indinavir treatment, class 2. Guanosine monophosphate analog treatment for this (mechanism) 3. Major cause of infant mortality in developing countries 4. Zanamivir, use 5. Primary viremia, secondary viremia 6. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis in casstle > BSE in humans	1. HIV (Lentivirus), Retrovirus, protease inhibitors 2. RSV, Paramyxovirus, GMP analog inhibiting nucleoside synthesis 3. Rotaviruses, Rheovirus, double stranded unenveloped RNA virus 4. Influenza tx, paitents > 5 5. Picornaviridae, unenveloped + ss RNA virus 6.
	1. Serious consequence during first trimester of gestation 2. Ribavirin treatment for this, class, mechanism 3. Fusion protein 4. Hydrophobia 5. Delavirdine 6. Prolonged diarrhea and GI tract infections a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis in casstle > BSE in humans	1. Togavirus, + SS linear RNA virus 2. RSV, Paramyxovirus, GMP analog inhibiting nucleoside synthesis 3. Mumps, Paramyxovirus, linear - ss RNA virus 4. Rhabdovirus, - linear ss RNA enveloped virus 5. HIV (Lentivirus), Retrovirus, non nucleoside analog inhibitor 6. Rotaviruses, Rheovirus, double stranded unenveloped RNA virus
	1. Given by inhalation to treat infection of influenza in the first 48 hours to patient over 1 years. 2. Teratogenic 3. Given by inhalation to treat infection of influenza in the first 48 hours to patient over 5 years. 4. Specific activity against type A influenza virus 5. Prevention congenital rubella syndrome a. amantadine b. rimantadine c. tamiflu d. zanamivire. interferon alpha f. MMR g. AZTh. Delavirdinei. Ribavirin j. Nevirapinek. Ritonavir l. Pleconarilm. Methylisoazolen. Salk vaccineo. Sabin vaccinp. ribavirin	1. Tamiflu 2. amantadine, rimantadine 3. zanamivir (Relenza) 4. Amantadie, rimantadine 5. MMR (Prevent Togaviridae, rubella)
	1. Protease inhibitor 2. Prevents this virus from exposing its RNA, virus?, tx? 3. GMP analog inhibiting nucleoside synthesis 4. Vaccine to prevent subacute sclerosis pan encephalitis 5. Stabilizes picornaviruses a. amantadine b. rimantadine c. tamiflu d. zanamivir e. interferon alpha f. MMR g. AZT h. Delavirdine i. Ribavirin j. Nevirapine k. Ritonavir l. Pleconaril m. Methylisoazole n. Salk vaccine o. Sabin vaccin p. ribavirin	1. ritonavir (HIV) 2. pleconaril, enterovirus 3. Ribavirin (GMP analog), RSV, Paramyxovirus, - SS linear RNA virus 4. Measles, paramyxovirus, MMR 5. methylosoxazole compounds
	1. Live vaccine polio 2. Treatment for a virus that causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants, virus? mechanism? 3. Block the M2 ion channel, virus? 4. Neuraminidase inhibitors. Virus? 5. Killed vaccine polio 6. Nonnucleoside analog a. amantadine b. rimantadine c. tamiflu d. zanamivire. interferon alpha f. MMR g. AZTh. Delavirdinei. Ribavirin j. Nevirapinek. Ritonavir l. Pleconarilm. Methylisoazolen. Salk vaccineo. Sabin vaccinp. ribavirin	1. Sabin 2. Ribavirin (GMP analog), RSV, Paramyxovirus, - SS linear RNA virus 3. Amantadine, Rimantadine, type A influenza virus 4. Tamiflu (> 1 year), Zanamivir (> 5 years), Influenza A, B 5. Salk vaccine 6. Delavirdine, Nevirapine (Reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
	1. tx. type A, B influenza 2. Treatment RSV 3. Nucleoside analog. 4. 5. treatment Type A influenza, type drug a. amantadine b. rimantadine c. tamiflu d. zanamivir e. interferon alpha f. MMR g. AZT h. Delavirdine i. Ribavirin j. Nevirapine k. Ritonavir l. Pleconaril m. Methylisoazole n. Salk vaccine o. Sabin vaccin p. ribavirin	1. Neuraminidase inhibitors, Tamiflu (> 1 year), Zanamivir (> 5 years) 2. Ribavirin, GMP analog , inhibiting nucleoside synthesis 3. AZT, HIV (Reverse transcriptase inhibitor) 4. 5. Amantadine, rimantadine, block M2 ion channel
	Which of the following + sense RNA viruses have RNA dependent RNA polymerase? a. polyomavirus b. flavivirus c. calicivirus d. picornavirus e. togavirus f none, RNA + sense do not have RNA dependent RNA polymerase	picornavirus Expl: Picornaviruses although + strand, are replicated via a double stranded RNA intermediate formed using viral RDRP. Thus picornavirus is a + sense RNA virus that has RNA dependent RNA polymerase
	What spring ideal conditions for viral replication?	Togavirus
	1. How is Togaviridae spread? 2. How is Rubella spread?	1. Mosquitos 2. Respiratory droplets
	1. Spreading Western equine encephalitis	1. Mosquito
	1. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitits 2. Cirrhosis, hepatic cancer 3. Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhages. 4. Epidemic viral gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea 5. Orchitis in adult males a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis in casstle > BSE in humans	1. Measles, Paramyxovirus 2. Hepatitis C, Flavivirus 3. Yellow fever, Flavivirus 4. Norwalk virus, Calicivirus (Nonenveloped, ss RNA virus) 5. Mumps, Paramyxovirus
	1. California encephalitis 2. Cough and malaise may last 2 weeks after other symptoms have disappeared. 3. Teratogenic 4. Major cause of infant mortality in developing countries 5. Mosquito borne, < 15 years exhibit severer cases a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis in casstle > BSE in humans	1. Bunyavirus (linear > circular ssRNA w/ 3 ambisense segments) 2. Influenza, Orthomyxovirus (segmented - sense RNA virus) 3. Rubela, Togavirus, + sense RNA enveloped virus 4. Rotaviruses, Reovirus 5. lacross encephaltis, Bunyavirus (linear > circular ssRNA w/ 3 ambisense segments)
	1. SARS 2. Headache, high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, spastic paralysis 3. Hydrophobia 4. Ebola 5. Cough, myalgia, dyspnea, tacycardia, pulmonary edema, efffusion, hypotension. a. Caliciviridae b. Corona viridae c. Flaviviridae d. Picornaviridae e. Retroviridae f. Togavirus g. Arenavirus h. Bunyavirus i. Orthomyxovirus j. Filovirus k. Paramyxovirus l. Rhabdovirus m. lentivirus n. oncovirus o. norwalk virus p. hepatitis e.q. dengue ever r. st louis encephalitis s. west nile encephalitis t yellow fever u. hepatitis b. v. hepatitis c w. hepatitis e. x. enterovirus y. echovirus z. poliovirus > coxsackie A > coxsackie b > rhinovirus > hepatovirus > Parainfluenza virus > Respiratory synyctial virus >Hantavirus >Filovirus > Rhabdovirus > Bunyavirus >Reoviridae > Rotavirus >Scrapie > Kuru >Creutzfeldt Jakob disease > Bovine spongiform encephalitis in casstle > BSE in humans	1. Coronavirus, enveloped ss RNA virus 2. St. louis encephalitis, enveloped ss RNA virus 3. Rhabdovirus, ss - sense RNA virus 4. Filamentous, Filovirus 5. Hantavirus, Bunyavirus (linear > circular ssRNA w/ 3 ambisense segments)
	Difference between HIV 1 and 2.	HIV 2 less easily transmitted and longer time between initial infection and illness is longer in the case of HIV-2
	Method HIV replication	+ strand RNA -- reverse transcriptase --> cDNA cDNA integrated into host DNA as provirus
	HIV modes of transmission	> Blood > Vertical transmission
	Where HIV-2 common? a. East Africa b. North Africa c. West Africa d. South Africa	West Africa
	Types HIV-1	MON O: West Central Africa N: Cameroon M: 9 types HIV
	What is the term to describe 2 forms HIV forming a new recombinant form?	Circulating recombinant forms (CRFs)
	1. What type of HIV virus is found in West Central Africa 2. What type of HIV virus has 8 forms? 3. What type of HIV virus found in Cameroon? a. HIV O type b. HIV M type c. HIV N type	1. HIV O type 2. HIV M type 3. HIV N type
	1. Testing for Antibodies to HIV 2. Confirming HIV infection 3. Detect antibodies to HIV in the latent phase a. ELISA b. Western blot c. RT-PCR d. Northern blot	1. ELISA 2. Western Blot 3. RT-PCR
	What are the main targets by HIV viruses?	CD4+ Helper T cells Macrophages
	HIV infection mechanism	> Binding to cell membrane > Membrane fusion > + RNA strand -- reverse transcriptase -- DNA > DNA integration into host genome Either: > enter latent phase or > produce new viral RNA + proteins = assembly, budding, maturation
	Required tx. for HIV	Need to use highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) 2 NRTI (Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) = AZT 1 NNRTI (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) or = Nevirapine, Delvaridine 1 PI (protease inhibitor) = Acylovir, ritonavir
	1. CD4 < 400 2. CD4 250-500 3. CD4 < 200 4. CD4 < 50 a. Cryptococcal meningitis b. Tuberculosis c. Candida albicans d. HSV e. Full blown AIDs	1. Tb, bacterial infections 2. Candida albicans 3. Full blown AIDs, fungal infections (pneumocystic jiroveci, cryptococcus meningitis) 4. HSV
	.	.

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