Veterinary Anatomy 1 Q & A's Back

Front 1

what are the two major parts of a typical vertebrae?

Back 1

body and arch

Front 2

what space is formed by the arch and the body of the vertebrae?

Back 2

vertebral foramen

Front 3

list the seven processes of a typical vertebrae?

Back 3

1: spine
2: transverse process
4: articular (2cr. and 2 ca)

Front 4

where do the spinal nerves leave the vertebral canal?

Back 4

intervertebral foramen

Front 5

what is formed by all the vertebral formamina of all the vertebrae?

Back 5

vertebral canal

Front 6

what is the laminae of a vertebrae?

Back 6

roof (top parts of the arch) of the vertebral foramen

Front 7

what is the interarcuate space?

Back 7

dorsal gap between adjacent vertebral arches

Front 8

all mammals (including man) have how many cervical vertebrae?

Back 8

7 (except shrew and manatee 6)

Front 9

what is the first cervical vertebrae?

Back 9

atlas

Front 10

with what does the atlas articulate?

Back 10

occipital condyles of skull

Front 11

what are the large lateral masses of the atlas?

Back 11

wings of atlas (transverse processes)

Front 12

what is the name of the second cervical vertebrae?

Back 12

axis

Front 13

what peg-like process on the axis forms a pivot articulation with the atlas?

Back 13

dens

Front 14

what is the large ventral projection of the 6th cervical vertebrae?

Back 14

transverse process "sled"

Front 15

what is the thoracic vertebrae with the most vertically oriented spine?

Back 15

anticlinal vertebra, usually T11 in the dog

Front 16

what is the articulation between the sacrum and the hip bones?

Back 16

sacroiliac joint

Front 17

how many lumbar vertebrae do carnivores have?

Back 17

carnivores: 7

Front 18

what joint is formed by the atlas and the skull?

Back 18

atlanto-occipital joint "yes" joint

Front 19

the articulation of the axis with the atlas is known as the ___ joint

Back 19

atlantoaxial joint, "no"joint

Front 20

what are the functional classificiation of joints?

Back 20

immoveable, slightly moveable, and freely moveable

Front 21

name the fibrocartilages between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae

Back 21

intervertebral discs

Front 22

what are the two parts of an intervertebral disc?

Back 22

annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposes

Front 23

what elastic connective tissue structures attaches the 1st thoracic spine to the spine of the axis (C2) in the dog.

Back 23

nuchal ligament

Front 24

what elastic tissue fills the dorsal space (interarcuate space) between the arches of adjacent vertebrae?

Back 24

ligamentum flavum, interarcuate or yellow ligament

Front 25

what connects the head of a pair of opposite ribs, crossing the dorsal part of the intervertebral discs?

Back 25

intercapital ligament

Front 26

what are the two paired "strap muscles" of the neck?

Back 26

sternohyoideus and sternothyroideus mm.

Front 27

what muscles bound the external jugular vein?

Back 27

brachiocephalicus and sternocephalicus mm.

Front 28

what is the muscle extending from the sternum to the head?

Back 28

sternocephalicus m.

Front 29

what muscles are above the transverse processes of the vertebrae?

Back 29

epaxial mm.

Front 30

name the two major epaxial muscles of the back.

Back 30

iliocostalis and longissimus mm.

Front 31

what vessels join to form the external jugular vein?

Back 31

lingofacial and maxillary vv.

Front 32

where is the esophagus located in the middle of the neck?

Back 32

on left

Front 33

what is the musculocartilagineous structure at the proximal end of the trachea?

Back 33

larynx

Front 34

what is the gland just caudal to the larynx on the trachea?

Back 34

thyroid gland

Front 35

what is the large lymph node structure lateral to the larynx/ pharynx?

Back 35

medial retropharyngeal lymph node

Front 36

what happens to the thymus with age ?

Back 36

involutes

Front 37

what is the part of the hyoid apparatus crossing the midline?

Back 37

basihyoid bone

Front 38

what do afferent and efferent neurons carry?

Back 38

afferent: sensory (afferent information) from the periphery to the CNS and up to the high centers; efferent: motor from CNS to the periphery to muscles and glands.

Front 39

what are the two types of neurons of the somatic (skeletal muscle/ skin) motor nervous system and where are they located?

Back 39

UMN (Upper motor neurons) in CNS and LMN (lower motor neurons) nerves extending away from the CNS

Front 40

what is carried in the ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord

Back 40

ascending: sensory; descending: motor

Front 41

what are aggregations of nerve cell bodies in the CNS? PNS?

Back 41

CNS: nucleus; PNS: ganglion

Front 42

what is gray and white matter?

Back 42

gray: neuronal cell bodies in nervous tissue.
white: myelinated nerve fibers in nervous tissue

Front 43

what is a nerve and nerve tracts or fasciculi?

Back 43

Nerve: bundle of nerve processes outside CNS, Nerve tracts: nerve fiber bundles of common origin in the brain and spinal cord

Front 44

name the five divisions of the spinal cord

Back 44

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and caudal

Front 45

where do a pair of spinal nerves arise?

Back 45

spinal cord segment

Front 46

what is the central "H" shaped mass of a spinal cord cross section?

Back 46

gray matter (cell bodies give color)

Front 47

of what does white matter of the spinal cord consist?

Back 47

myelinated axons running up and down cord

Front 48

what are asceding tracks of the spinal cord and what do they carry?

Back 48

myelinated afferent axons, sensory information

Front 49

what are the descending tracks of the spinal cord and what do they carry?

Back 49

myelinated axons of upper motor neurons (UMN), motor fibers

Front 50

what is the tapered terminal end of the spinal cord?

Back 50

conus medullaris