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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is atrophy?
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Reduction of size of organ due to decrease in size or number of specialised cells
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Causes of atrophy (7)
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Decreased Blood Supply
Loss of innervation Decreased workload Prolonged pressure Lack of hormonal stimulation Lack of nutrition Physiological e.g. thymus |
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Cell process responsible for atrophy
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Increase in APOPTOSIS
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Special feature of adapted cells
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Smaller, with fewer organelles
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What is hypertrophy?
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Increase in size of organ/ tissue due to increased size of specialised ccells
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Cause of hypertrophy
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Cells cannot divide to form more cells to share the work
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e.g.
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muscle cells
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Types of hypertrophy (2)
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COMPENSATORY
e.g. removal of a kidney, heavy workload of skel m., increased BP in myocardium HORMONAL e.g. pregnancy --> hypertrophy of uterus |
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What is hyperplasia?
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Increased size of organ/ tissue due to increased number of specialised cells i.e. no apoptosis
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Types of hyperplasia (3)
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COMPENSATORY
e.g. haematopoietic system after blood loss REPARATORY e.g. to restore architecture/fxn HORMONAL e.g. cyclical changes in mammary gland or endometrium |
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What is acanthosis?
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hyperplasia of stratum spinosum
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What is Hyperkeratosis?
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hyperplasia of stratum corneum
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What is Metaplasia?
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change from one specialised full differentiated adult cell type to another
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3 phases of reparatory hyperplasia
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Priming
Proliferation Growth Inhibition |
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What is parakeratosis?
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hyperplasia of the stratum corneum occurs too rapidly --> causes inhibition of squame maturation
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