Vertebral Column And Thoracic Cage

Front 1

Name this part.

Back 1

Body (centrum)

Hint 1

Thick cylindrical part of the vertebra responsible for bearing weight.

Front 2

Name this hole.

Back 2

Vertebral foramen

Hint 2

Hole formed by the vertebral body and arch. The spinal cord and cauda equina extend through the vertebral foramen. Together all the vertebral foramina form the vertebral canal.

Front 3

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Back 3

Spinous process

Hint 3

Midline, posterior projection of the vertebrae that is a site of ligament and muscle attachments for muscles that move the vertebral column and also some muscles that move the head, scapulae and arms.

Front 4

Name this part.

Back 4

Transverse process

Hint 4

Lateral projections of the vertebrae that are sites of ligament and muscle attachments for muscles that move the vertebral column.

Front 5

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Back 5

Superior articular process

Hint 5

The process on the superior surface of a vertebra that allows it to articulate with adjacent vertebrae. Pads of fibrocartilage called intervertebral discs are located between adjacent vertebrae; therefore the articular processes are the only sites at which the vertebrae directly articulate with each other.

Front 6

Name this part.

Back 6

Inferior articular process

Hint 6

The process on the inferior surface of a vertebra that allows it to articulate with adjacent vertebrae. Pads of fibrocartilage called intervertebral discs are located between adjacent vertebrae; therefore the articular processes are the only sites at which the vertebrae directly articulate with each other.

Front 7

Name this hole.

Back 7

Intervertebral foramen

Hint 7

Along the length of the vertabral column are lateral openings through which spinal nerves pass.

Front 8

Name this type of Vertebrae

Back 8

Cervical vertebra

Hint 8

(C1-C7) the smallest, lightest vertebra found in the neck.

Front 9

Name this bone.

Back 9

Atlas

Hint 9

The atlas is the first cervical vertebra (C1). It articulates with the occipital condyles to form a synovial joint that allows for lateral skull movement (side-to-side tilt) and anterior/posterior movement (nodding head "yes")

Front 10

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Back 10

Axis

Hint 10

The second vertebra is the axis (C2). It has a bony projection called the dens around which the atlas rotates allowing a "no" movement of the skull.

Front 11

Name this hole.

Back 11

Transverse foramen

Hint 11

All cervical vertebrae contain an opening in both transverse processes though which the vertebral arteries supplying blood to the brain pass.

Front 12

Name this Vertebra.

Back 12

Thoracic vertebrae

Hint 12

(T1-T12) The vertebrae that articulates with the ribs.

Front 13

Name this Vertebra.

Back 13

Lumbar vertebra

Hint 13

(L1-L5) large, sturdy vertebrae in the lower back.

Front 14

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Back 14

Sacrum

Hint 14

(S1-S5) Five fused vertebrae that form the posterior wall of the pelvis. The sacrum articulates laterally with the two hip bones (coxae) to form the bony pelvis. The articulation between the sacrum and the coxa is called the sacroiliac joint.

Front 15

Name these holes.

Back 15

Sacral foramina

Hint 15

Along which the length of the sacrum are opening though which spinal nerves exit the sacrum (analogous to intervertebral foramina)

Front 16

Name this hole.

Back 16

Sacral canal

Hint 16

The sacral canal is a continuation of the vertebral canal. It contains the cauda equina.

Front 17

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Back 17

Sacral hiatus

Hint 17

Inferior opening of the sacral canal. Anesthetics can be injected into the sacral hiatus.

Front 18

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Back 18

Sacral ala

Hint 18

Fused transverse processes of the sacral vertebra from the ala. Site of the sacroiliac joint where the sacrum attaches to the coxa.

Front 19

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Back 19

Coccyx

Hint 19

(Co1-Co4) then"tailbone" typically comprised of four fused coccygeal vertebrae.

Front 20

Name the exaggerated curvature of the thoracic vertebrae that causes hunchback.

Back 20

Kyphosis

Hint 20

Can be caused by osteoporosis. (Hunchback)

Front 21

Name the exaggerated lumbar curvature which can be caused by pregnancy or potbelly.

Back 21

Lordosis

Hint 21

Causes butt to stick out.

Front 22

Name the abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column.

Back 22

Scoliosis

Hint 22

Spine is S shaped.

Front 23

Name this bone

Back 23

Sternum

Hint 23

The "breastbone" is located in the anterior midline of the thorax and serves as an anchor point for the clavicles and most the ribs. The sternum connects to the ribs via cartilage called costal cartilage which allows the thoracic cage to change shape during breathing.

Front 24

Name this part.

Back 24

Manubrium

Hint 24

Superior bone of the sternum. The clavicles attach to the manubrium.

Front 25

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Back 25

Body (gladiolus)

Hint 25

Main, middle bone of the sternum

Front 26

Name this part.

Back 26

Xiphoid process

Hint 26

Inferior bone of the sternum. Site of attachment for the lines alba which is a tissue that anchors the abdominal muscles.

Front 27

What is the name of the ribs that attach directly to the sternum by costal cartilages?

Back 27

True ribs

Hint 27

(1-7) There are 7 pairs of true ribs (vertebrosternal ribs). These are the superior 7 pairs of ribs which attach directly to the sternum by costal cartilages.

Front 28

What is the name of the ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum?

Back 28

False ribs

Hint 28

(8-12) These are the inferior 5 pairs of ribs. They are called false ribs because they do not have a direct attachment to the sternum. Ribs 11and 12 have no anterior attachment and are called floating false ribs.

Front 29

Name this part of the rib.

Back 29

Head of rib

Hint 29

The rib head has an articular facet by which it attaches to the body of a thoracic vertebra (at a site called the costal facet). This joint allows the rib head to move during breathing.

Front 30

Name this part

Back 30

Tubercle of rib

Front 31

Name this bone

Back 31

Hyoid bone

Hint 31

This bone is NOT part of the skull and lies just inferior to the mandible in the anterior neck. The hyoid bone is the only bone that is not directly attached to another bone. It functions to anchor throat, larynx and tongue muscles.