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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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enzoonotic |
baseline level present endemically |
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epizoonotic |
higher amount incidences reach epidemic proportions |
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rabies |
occurs primarily as epizoonotic disease in animals (can infect humans) US reservoirs: raccons, skunks, coyotes, foxes, and bats low incidence in US |
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Rhabdovirus |
ssRNA virus - strand that causes rabies infects CNS of warm blooded animals enters body through wound/bite antigenitically weak, like syphillis (persists in body) virus proliferates in brain (thalamus and hypothalamus) victim can be passively immunized with rabies immune globulin |
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hantavirus |
causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome both caused by hantavirus-infected rodents enveloped, segmented, - strand ssRNA virus humans-accidental hosts 1993 outbreak |
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Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) |
sudden onset of fever, myalgia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and pulmonary capillary leakage no virus specific treatment or vaccine |
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Rickttsias |
small bacteria that have strict (obligate) intracellular existence on vertebrates (like chlamydia) associated with blood sucking arthropods pathogen released during release of anticoagulents when sucking blood in animals, growth takes place in phagocytes |
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3 groups of rickettsias: |
1.typhyus fever group 2.spotted fever (Rocky Mountain Spotted fever) 3.ehrlichiosis group |
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
Ricketsia ricketsii transmitted by dog or wood ticks rickettsia grows in nucleus and cytoplasm symptoms: headache, fever, rash tetracycline and chloramphericol no vaccine |
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Lyme Disease |
most prevalent tickborne disease in US caused by spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi deertick- during release of anticoagulant during acute stage: tetracycline, penicillin chronic stage: arthritis, neuro damage, heart damage no toxins/virulence factors identified |
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West Nile Fever |
flavivirus, enveloped, +sense ssRNA transmitted by mosquito bite birds are reservoirs humans+other animals= dead end hosts no antiviral drugs effective in vivo |
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Plague |
caused by Yersinia pestis gram -, facultatively aerobic, rod shaped bacterium (encapsulated) fleas are intermediate hosts and vectors pneumonic plague when y.pestis reaches lungs septicemic plague when rapid spread throughout the body gentamycin/ streptomycin |
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Yersinia pestis Virulence factors: |
1.inhibit immune cell phagocytosis 2.murine toxin (exotoxin) 3.respiratory inhibitor 4.systemic shock 5.liver damage 6.respiratory distress |
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Anthrax |
Bacillus anthracis endospore former! -preferred biological warfare agent! (enhance ability to disseminate) natural reservoir=soil 3 forms of anthrax unusual protein capsule (virulence factor) vaccine available for high risk patients treated with ciprofloxacin |
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3 forms of anthrax: |
1. cutaneous anthrax (treated with antibiotics) 2.gastrointestinal anthrax 3.pulmonary anthrax (usually too late) |
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Tetanus |
caused by exotoxin (obligately anaerobic endospore forming rod) Clostridium tetani natural reservoir=soil LOCKJAW : absence of inhibitory signals in muscles vaccine effective
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Gas Gangrene |
tissue destruction due to proteolysis and gas producing clostridia caused by growth in dead tissues of bacteria clostridia enter deep tissue through trauma (mainly by clostridia perfringens) found in soil+ intestinal tract of animals antibiotics+ hyperbaric oxygen possible amputation necessary |
