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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Atrophy
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Decrease in cell size secondaryto a decreased workload
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Hypertrophy
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increase in cell size secondary to increased workload
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hyperplasia
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increase in cell number secondary to increased workload
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metaplasia
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replacement of normal cells fwith abnormal ones.
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Dysplasia
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Cells change in appearance, size or shape because they have been exposed to an external stressor.
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Neoplasia
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the new and abnormal development of cells - tumor.
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Name the four main cations of the body:
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Sodium na+
Potassium K+ Magnesium Mg++ Calcium Ca++ |
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Name the two man anions of the body:
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Cloride and Bicarbonate
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What is the number one ECF?
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Sodium
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What is the number one ICF?
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Potassium
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Name the three primary buffer systems:
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-Respiratory
-Protein Buffer System -Renal (kidneys) by Excrete or reclaim base |
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Which of the buffer systems is the fastest?
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Carbonic Acid-bicarbonate buffer system
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What is the FIRST sign that a patient is compensating regarding acid/base?
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Respiration
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What is the average number of liters of blood and mLs of blood per kilogram of body weight?
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Adult: 70 mL per kg body weight (4.5 to 5 liters)
Child: 75 to 80 mL per kg body weight Infant: 80 mL per kg body weight (300+ mL) Note: a can of coke is 355 mL. |
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What is hematocrit?
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The percentage of cells (predomantly RBC) found within a sample of whole blood.
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What is hemoglobin and what is its primary function?
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Hemoglobin is a protein within RBC's that contains iron that oxygen binds to.
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What is H/H?
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The measurement of hemoglobin and hematocrit.
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What number is neutral on the pH scale?
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7
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What is the highest number on the pH scale and what does it mean?
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14
Anything above 7 is alkalotic and anything below 7 is acedotic. |
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What is the normal pH range for human blood?
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Between 7.35 and 7.45 (slightly alkaline)
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Name three life-threatening effects of acidosis:
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-Depresses the central nervous system and neuron activity and decreases nerve impuls transmission, drowsiness, disorientation, confusion and coma.
-Depreses cardiac function: myocardial contractions weaken, CHF may occur and resuscitation drugs are ineffective for acidotic heart. -Peripheral vasodilation and pooling of blood cause severe hypotension and circulatory collapse. |
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Name the effects of alkalosis:
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Neurons become more excitable leading to increased nerve mpulse transmission. This causes feelings of tingling in the lips and fingertips. Twitching, irritability, muscle spasm and convulsions are experienced.
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