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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What organism commonly causes infection of dog or cat bite wounds?
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Pasteurella multocida
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What is the antidote for ethylene glycol (antifreeze) ingestion?
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Ethanol, fomepizole, dialysis.
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What is the physiologic result of ethylene glycol ingestion?
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Anion gap metabolic acidosis with hyperosmolarity and calcium oxylate crystals in the urine.
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What is the antidote for mercury ingestion?
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Dimercaprol, succimer
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What is the physiologic result of mercury ingestion?
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Erethism which consists of insomnia, delirium, decreased memory.
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What is the physiologic result of acetaminophen overdose?
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Nausea, vomiting, increased liver function tests, increased INR at 24-48 hours.
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What is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose?
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N-acetylcysteine
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What are the signs of warfarin overdose?
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Bleeding, increased INR
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What is the antidote for warfarin overdose?
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Fresh frozen plasma for acute, life-threatening bleeding. Vitamin K for non-life-threatening bleeding.
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What are the signs of anticholinergic overdose?
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?Dry as a bone, red as a beet, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter.?
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What is the antidote for anticholinergic/antimuscarinic overdose?
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Physostigmine
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What are the signs of digoxin overdose?
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Nausea, vomiting, dysrhythmias, hyperkalemia, color vision changes.
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What is the treatment of digoxin overdose?
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Treat hyperkalemia, administer lidocaine and antidigoxin Fab.
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What is the presentation of theophylline overdose?
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Hematemesis, seizures, coma, dysrhythmias, hypotension.
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What is the antidote for theophylline overdose?
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Activated charcoal, cardiac monitoring.
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What are the signs of arsenic ingestion?
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Fatigue, seizures, Mees lines in fingernails.
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What is the antidote for arsenic ingestion?
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Dimercaprol, succimer
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What are the signs of methanol ingestion?
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Anion gap metabolic acidosis with hyperosmolarity, blindness, optic disc hyperemia.
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What is the treatment for methanol ingestion?
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Ethanol, fomepizole, dialysis.
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What are the signs of aspirin overdose?
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Anion gap metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, tinnitus, garlic odor.
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What is the treatment for aspirin overdose?
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Alkalinization, hemodialysis
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What are the signs of cyanide ingestion?
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Lethargy, unconsciousness, dysrhythmias.
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What is the antidote for cyanide ingestion?
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Sodium thiosulfate and amyl nitrite.
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What is the antidote for streptokinase overdose?
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Aminocaproic acid
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What are the signs of isoniazid overdose?
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Peripheral neuropathy, confusion
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What is the treatment for isoniazid overdose?
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Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
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What are the signs of benzodiazepine overdose?
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Drowsiness, weakness, ataxia
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What is the antidote for benzodiazepine overdose?
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Flumazenil
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What are the signs of lead ingestion?
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Ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, microcytic anemia with basophilic stippling, lead lines on gums.
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What is the antidote for lead ingestion?
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CaEDTA, penicillamine, dimercaprol.
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What are the signs of tricyclic antidepressant overdose?
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Cardiac arrhythmias, convulsions, coma.
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What is the treatment for tricyclic antidepressant overdose?
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Sodium bicarbonate for QRS >100 ms, lorazepam (Ativan) for seizures, cardiac monitoring.
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What are the signs of alkali ingestion (drain cleaner, dishwasher detergent)?
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Mucosal burns, dysphagia, drooling.
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What is the treatment for alkali ingestion (drain cleaner, dishwasher detergent)?
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Milk or water, then nothing by mouth.
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What is the antidote for heparin overdose?
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Protamine sulfate
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What are the signs of opioid overdose?
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Respiratory depression, somnolence
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What are the signs of carbon monoxide toxicity?
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Headache, confusion, dyspnea, cherry-red skin.
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What is the treatment for carbon monoxide toxicity?
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Oxygen 100% or hyperbaric oxygen for pregnant patients or CNS dysfunction.
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What are the signs of iron overdose?
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Erosive gastritis, vomiting, lactic acidosis.
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What is the treatment for iron overdose?
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Deferoxamine
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What are the signs of isopropyl alcohol ingestion?
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Intoxication, bradypnea, osmolar gap.
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What is the treatment for isopropyl alcohol ingestion?
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Respiratory support, cardiovascular support, dialysis.
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Describe how body surface area burned is calculated
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Rule of nines: Head = 9%, chest and abdomen = 18%, upper/mid/low back and buttocks = 18%, each arm = 9%, groin = 1%, each leg = 18%
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What are the steps in primary survey of the trauma patient?
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?ABCDEFG assessment.? Airway; Breathing - assess chest wall motion; Circulation - check pulses, hemorrhage; Disability - neurologic evaluation; Exposure - remove clothing, search for injuries; Foley if needed unless blood in urethral meatus; NG tube.
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