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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Drugs in class? Mechanism? Effects on LDL, HDL, Triglycerides? Side effects? |
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
- Lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, atrovastatin, rosuvastatin Mechanism 1. Inhibit the cholesterol precursor - mevalonate Effects: 1. LDL - Significant decrease 2. HDL - increase 3. Triglycerides - decrease Side Effects: 1. Hepatotoxicity (Elevated LFTs) 2. Rhabdomyolysis |
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Niacin
Mechanism? Effects on LDL, HDL, Triglycerides? Side Effects? |
Niacin
Mechanism 1. Inhibits lipolysis is adipose tissue 2. Reduces hepatic VLDL secretion into circulation Effects 1. LDL - Decreases 2. HDL - Increase (rather significantly) 3. Triglycerides - Decreases Side Effects: 1. Red, flushed face - Mediated by prostaglandin and inhibited by aspirin 2. Hyperglycemia (acanthosis nigricans) 3. Hyperuricemia (exacerbates gout) |
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Bile Acid Resins
Drugs in class? Mechanism? Effect on LDL, HDL, Triglycerides? Side Effects? |
Bile Acid Resins
- Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Colsevelam Mechanism: 1. Prevents intestinal reabsorption of bile acids 2. Liver must use cholesterol to make more Effects: 1. LDL - Decrease 2. HDL - Slight increase 3. Triglycerides - slight increase Side Effects 1. Patients HATE IT - tastes bad and causes GI discomfort. 2. Decreased absorption of fat soluble vitamins 3. Cholesterol gall stones |
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Ezetimibe
Class? Mechanism? Effect on LDL, HDL, Triglycerides? Side Effects? |
Ezetimibe
- Cholesterol absorption blocker Mechanism: 1. Prevent cholesterol reabsorption at small intestine brush border. Effects: 1. LDL - Decrease 2. HDL - No change 3. Triglycerides - No change Side Effects 1. Rare - raised LFTs |
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Gemfibrozil, Clofibrate, Bezafibrate, Fenofibrate
Class? Mechanism? Effects on LDL, HDL, Triglycerides? Side Effects? |
Gemfibrozil, Clofibrate, Bezafibrate, Fenofibrate
Class: Fibrates Mechanism: 1. Upregulate LPL and increase Triglyceride clearance Effects: 1. LDL - Decrease 2. HDL - Increase 3. Triglycerides - Huge Decrease Side Effects: 1. Myositis 2. Hepatotoxicity (Increased LFTs) 3. Cholesterol Gall stones |
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Hydralazine
Class? Mechanism? Clinical Use? Toxicity? |
Hydralazine
Vasodilator Mechanism: 1. Increases cGMP causing smooth muscle relaxation. Vasodilates arterioles > vein helping to cause a reduction in after load. Clinical Use: 1. Severe hypertension, CHF. 2. First line therapy for HTN in pregnancy, with methyldopa. 3. Frequently co-administered with a beta blocker to prevent tachycardia Toxicity 1. Tachycardia (Reflex) - contraindicated in Angina/CAD 2. Fluid retention, nausea, headache, angina 3. LUPUS LIKE SYNDROME |
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Nitroprusside
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Nitroprusside
- Short acting - Increases cGMP via direct release of NO. Clinical Use: 1. Malignant Hypertension Problems - May cause cyanide toxicity |
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Fenoldopam
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Fenoldopam
- Dopamine D1 receptor agonist - relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle. Clinical Use: 1. Malignant Hypertension |
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Diazoxide
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Diazoxide
K+ channel opener - hyperpolarizes and relaxes smooth muscle. Clinical Use: 1. Malignant Hypertension May cause HYPERGLYCEMIA due to increased insulin release. |
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Nesiritide
Mechanism? Clinical Use? Toxicity |
Nesiritide
Mechanism 1. Recombinant B-type Natriuretic peptide. Causes increased cGMP and vasodilation. Clinical Use: 1. Acute DECOMPENSATED heart failure Toxicity: 1. Hypotension |