Urinary System Disorders 1

Front 1

Loss of voluntary control of bladder

Back 1

incontinence

Front 2

involuntary urination by child older than 4 yrs

Back 2

enuresis

Front 3

intra-abdominal pressure forces urine through sphincter

(Coughing, Multiple Pregnancies, Laughing)

Back 3

stress incontinence

Front 4

____ result from incompetent bladder sphincter

Back 4

overflow incontinence

Front 5

inability to empty bladder

Back 5

retention

Front 6

normal urine, specific gravity 1.010 - 1.050

Back 6

straw coloured with mild odour

Hint 6

Urinalysis: Appearance

Front 7

may indicate the presence of large amount of blood, bacteria, and pus

Back 7

cloudy

Hint 7

appearance

Front 8

may indicate hematuria, excessive bilirubin/ highly concentrated urine

Back 8

dark colour

Front 9

infection or certain dietary products/ medications

Back 9

unpleasant or unusual odour

Hint 9

would result in?

Front 10

heavy purulence & presence of gram + and gram - organisms

Back 10

urinary infection

Hint 10

a sign of?

Front 11

blood indicates ___

Hematuria

Back 11

Small: infection, inflammation, tumours

Large: hemorrhage, increased glomerular permeability

Hint 11

Abnormal components of urine

Front 12

protein indicates ___

Proteinuria

Back 12

leakage of albumin or mixed plasma protein

Front 13

bacteria & pus indicates ___

(Bacteriuria & pyuria)

Back 13

infection

Front 14

specific gravity indicates __

Back 14

ability of tubule to concentrate urine

low - dilute urine

high - concentrated urine (renal failure)

Front 15

urinary casts indicates ___

Back 15

inflammation of kidney tubules

Hint 15

inflammation

Front 16

glucose & ketones indicates__

Back 16

diabetes mellitus not well controlled

Front 17

______ indicate kidney as a cause of hypertension

Back 17

elevated renin levels

Hint 17

blood test

Front 18

____ indicate failure to excrete nitrogen wastes caused by decrease GFR

Back 18

elevated serum urea & serum creatinine levels

Front 19

____ indicates decreased GFR & failure of tubule to control acid -base balance

Back 19

metabolic acidosis

Front 20

____ indicates decreased erythropoietin secretion or/and bone marrow depression

Back 20

anemia

Front 21

____ depend on related fluid balance

Back 21

electrolytes

Front 22

antistreptolysin O use for diagnosis of post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Back 22

antibody level

Hint 22

blood tests

Front 23

____ & ____ studies urine specimen to identify cause and select drug treatment

Back 23

C & S

Hint 23

other tests

Front 24

radionuclide imaging, angiography, ultrasound, CT, MRI,

visualize structures and possible abnormalities, flow patter and filtration rate

Back 24

radiologic tests

Hint 24

other tests

Front 25

used to assess GFR

(ex- insulin or creatinine)

Back 25

clearance test

Front 26

visualizes lower urinary tract

used to perform biopsy or remove stones

Back 26

cystoscopy

Front 27

used to acquire tissue specimen

Back 27

biopsy

Front 28

used to remove excess sodium ions and water from body

Back 28

diuretic drugs ( hydrochlorothiazide/ mild diuretic , furosemide / potent)

Hint 28

treatment/drug

Front 29

provides filtration and reabsorption (artificial kidney) used to sustain life after kidney fail

Back 29

dialysis

Front 30

in hospital, dialysis centre or home with special equipment and training

Back 30

hemodialysis

Front 31

waste move from blood to dialysate

Back 31

bicarbonate ions moves into blood

Hint 31

constituents move b/w the two compartment of hemodialysis

Front 32

patient's blood moves from implanted shunt or catheter into an artery to machine

-exchange of waste, fluid and electrolyte

-semipermeable membrane separating dialysate and blood

-after exchange blood returns

Back 32

hemodialysis

Front 33

usually 3 times a week ( lasting 3-4 hours)

Back 33

hemodialysis

Front 34

complications:

-shunt becoming infected

-blood clots may form

-pt increased risk of infection with hepatitis B, C or HIV if standard precautions not followed

Back 34

hemodialysis

Front 35

usually done on ____

Back 35

outpatient basis

Hint 35

peritoneal dialysis

Front 36

done at night (during sleep) or when ___

Back 36

ambulatory

Hint 36

peritoneal dialysis

Front 37

peritoneal member serves as ___

Back 37

semipermeable membrane

Hint 37

peritoneal dialysis

Front 38

catheter in entry and exit point inserted ___

Back 38

into the peritoneal cavity

Hint 38

peritoneal dialysis

Front 39

peritoneal dialysis takes more time then ____

Back 39

hemodialysis

Front 40

complications:

Back 40

infection resulting in peritonitis

Hint 40

peritoneal dialysis

Front 41

fluid enters peritoneal cavity through catheter and remains there allowing for the

Back 41

exchange of waste and electrolytes to occur by diffusion and osmosis then drained from cavity by gravity into a container

Hint 41

peritoneal dialysis