Urinary System

Front 1

what composes urinary system?

Back 1

2 kidneys

2 ureters

urinary bladder

urethra

Front 2

It is a paired bean-shaped,retroperitoneal organ located in the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity.

Back 2

kidney

Hint 2

Organized into many lobes and pyramidal structure

Front 3

Give the 2 Regions of the Kidney.

Back 3

medulla- inner region (light staining)

cortex - outer region (dark staining)

Front 4

what is the functional unit of the kidney?

Back 4

nephron

Front 5

Recessed central fissure where the vessels and nerves and ureter pass

Back 5

Renal hilum

Front 6

Extensions of the medulla into the cortex

Back 6

Medullary rays

Hint 6

Comprises the cluster of collecting tubules and ducts

Front 7

Extensions of the cortex to the medulla

Back 7

Renal columns

Front 8

Several pyramid shaped subunits, it bases lie in the cortex and apices lie in the medulla

Back 8

Renal lobes

Hint 8

8-18 Lobes

Front 9

Collects and empty the urine from each lobe into the larger major calyces

Back 9

minor calyces

Front 10

Empties the urines into the single funnel- shaped renal pelvis which is continuous with the ureter

Back 10

major calyces

Front 11

One per abdomen, arise from the aorta in the upper abdomen

Back 11

Renal arteries

Front 12

The median concavity of each kidney

Back 12

Renal sinus

Front 13

The region comprises the renal sinus andn its contents

Back 13

Hilum

Front 14

Dark staining outer region

Back 14

Cortex

Front 15

Light staining inner region consisting of 8-18 conical medullary pyramids

Back 15

Medulla

Front 16

Each consists of central medullary ray and all nephrons emptying into its collecting tubules

Back 16

Renal lobules

Front 17

What are the parts of nephron?

Back 17

Renal corpuscles

proximal convulated tubules

loop of henle

distal convulated tubule

Front 18

Enumerate the Parts of renal corpuscles.

Back 18

1. Glomerulus

2. Bowman's capsule

3. Filtration barrier

4. Vascular pole

5. Urinary pole

6. filtration mechanism

Front 19

Parts of Loop of Henle

Back 19

Descending Limb - first segment

Ascending Limb- resemble DCT

Front 20

The blood filtering unit of the nephron

Back 20

Renal corpuscle

Front 21

What comprises the filtration barrier?

Back 21

Glomerulus & Bowman's capsule

Front 22

Small tuff of capillaries which has fenestrae and are covered by thin diaphragm

Back 22

Glomerulus

Front 23

Double walled epithelial chamber

Back 23

Bowman's capsule

Front 24

2 Walls of bowmans capsule

Back 24

Visceral layer (inner) -podocytes

Parietal layer (outer)- simp.SE

Front 25

Cells with long primary processes from which arises interdigitating foot processes(pidecels)

Back 25

podocytes

Front 26

Chamber between visceral and parietal layer

Back 26

Urinary bowman's space

Front 27

Structures separating the capillary lumen from the urinary space

Back 27

Filtration barrier

Front 28

The side where the afferent arterioles feeding glomerular capillaries enter and efferent arterioles exit.

Back 28

Vascular pole

Front 29

Side where PCT exit

Back 29

Urinary pole

Front 30

Component of the barrier limits the passage of blood components

Back 30

Filtration mechanism

Front 31

Epithelial tube from the renal corpuscles urinary pole forming brush border

Back 31

PCT

Hint 31

Simple cuboidal- low columnar linings, microvilli

Front 32

U shaped epithelial tube functions as prerequisite for forming hypertonic urine

Back 32

Loop of henle

Front 33

Final nephron segment which lacks brush border

Back 33

DCT

Front 34

Disk of tightly packed columnar cells formed by the distal tubule epithelium which monitors NaCl concentration

Back 34

Macula densa

Front 35

This causes the cell lining to reabsorb more sodium.

Back 35

Aldosterone

Hint 35

Regulates sat and water balance

Front 36

Increases sodium excretion

Back 36

Atrial natriuretic factor

Front 37

primary responsible for setting up the medullas osmotic gradient

Back 37

Juxtamedullary nephron

Hint 37

Has short,thick descending limbs and longer thin limbs that extends deeper into the medulla

Front 38

A potent diuretic that inhibits the sodium and chloride reabsorption

Back 38

Furosemide

Hint 38

Reduce hypertonicity of medulla

Front 39

Recieved reduced volume of hypotonic or isotonic urine from the nephron and empty into large collecting ducts.

Back 39

Cortical CT

Front 40

This play the final role in forming hypertonic urine

Back 40

Medullary CT

Front 41

Juxtamedullary apparatus

Back 41

Juxtamedullary cells - (PAS + granules)

macula densa

extraglomerular mesangial cells (polkissen)

Front 42

enzyme that produce plasma angiotensinogen

Back 42

Renin

Front 43

Drugs that reduce bp by reducing angiotensin II production

Back 43

ACE inhibitors

Front 44

Urinary system blood supply

Back 44

1.Renal artery - from abdominal aorta

2.Posterior and Anterior branch

- arise from renal artery (hilum)

3. Interlobular arteries

- arise from posterior and anterior branch(medulla bet. pyramids)

4. Arcuate arteries

- arise from interlobular arteries

(bet. Cortex and medulla)

5. Afferent arterioles

- supply glomerulus

6. Efferent arterioles

- carries blood away from glomerulus

Front 45

carries urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder

Back 45

Ureter

Front 46

Distensible muscular sac

Back 46

Urinary bladder

Front 47

3 main parts of male urethra

Back 47

1.Prostatic segment- most proximal part

2. membranous segment- shortest

3. cavernous segment

Front 48

The longest portion of the nephron in the cortex

Back 48

PCT

Front 49

Maintains the osmotic gradient

Back 49

Vassa recta