Unit 6 Flashcards

Front 1

ground tissues in plants

Back 1

parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

Front 2

dermal tissues in plants

Back 2

epidermis, cuticle

Front 3

vascular tissue

Back 3

The conducting tissues, both xylem and phloem, which transport water, minerals, and sap through a plant, and help provide internal support

Front 4

xylem

Back 4

A tissue composed of several types of conducting cells and supporting fibres which transports water and minerals up from the roots to all other parts of a plant. Located in the vascular bundles, the cells die when mature. They form the ‘wood’ of woody plants

Front 5

tracheids

Back 5

elongated cells in the xylem of vascular plants, serving in the transport of water. The build of tracheids will vary according to where they occur.

Front 6

transpirational pull

Back 6

the main phenomenon driving the flow of water in the xylem tissues of large plants.

Front 7

phloem

Back 7

Tissue, composed of conducting cells and often supporting fibres, which transports sap from the leaves to other parts of a plant. It is either located in the vascular bundles or forms the inner bark of woody plants. It is complementary to xylem, but composed of living cells.

Front 8

sieve tubes

Back 8

a certain type of elongated parenchyma cells in phloem tissue. At the ends those cells are connected with other sieve elements, and together they constitute the sieve tube. The main function of the sieve tube is transport of carbohydrates in the plant

Front 9

living at functional maturity

Back 9

loss of nuclei, ribosomes & central vacuole

Front 10

primary growth

Back 10

vertical growth

Front 11

apical root

Back 11

root cap, zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of maturation/differentiation

Front 12

secondary growth

Back 12

increase in girth

Front 13

lateral meristems

Back 13

vascular cambium (2° xylem & 2° phloem), cork cambium (periderm & bark)

Front 14

root

Back 14

a part of the body of a plant that develops, typically, from the radicle and grows downward into the soil, anchoring the plant and absorbing nutriment and moisture

Front 15

epidermis

Back 15

a thin layer of cells forming the outer integument of seed plants and ferns

Front 16

root hairs

Back 16

Tiny, hair-like outgrowth of some surface cells of plant roots that greatly increases the area available for the absorption of water and other materials such as minerals. It is a delicate structure, which survives for a few days only and does not develop into a root

Front 17

cortex

Back 17

the portion of a stem between the epidermis and the vascular tissue; bark

Front 18

endodermis

Back 18

a specialized tissue in the roots and stems of vascular plants, composed of a single layer of modified parenchyma cells forming the inner boundary of the cortex.

Front 19

Casparian strip

Back 19

The casparian strip is a coating that prevents water from seeping between the cells and thus forces water to enter the endodermal cells before passing through to the vascular cylinder.

Front 20

stele (vascular cylinder)

Back 20

The vascular cylinder consists of vascular tissues (xylem and phloem), procambium, and one or more layers of cells which comprise the pericycle

Front 21

leaf

Back 21

one of the expanded, usually green organs borne by the stem of a plant

Front 22

cuticle

Back 22

a very thin hyaline film covering the surface of plants, derived from the outer surfaces of the epidermal cells.

Front 23

upper palisade mesophyll

Back 23

photosynthesis

Front 24

lower spongy mesophyll

Back 24

gas exchange

Front 25

vascular bundle

Back 25

transport tissues are grouped together to form what are known as the vascular bundles

Front 26

auxin

Back 26

promotes plant growth, cell elongation; apical dominance

Front 27

gibberellins

Back 27

cell growth, fruit development; bigger grapes

Front 28

cytokinins

Back 28

promote cell growth (cytokinesis); apical dominance

Front 29

ethylene

Back 29

promote fruit ripening

Front 30

abscisic acid (ABA)

Back 30

maintains seed & bud dormancy

Front 31

Alternation of Generation

Back 31

multicellular sporophyte(2n)->meiosis=spores(1n)->mitosis=multicellular gametophyte(1n)->mitosis=gametes(1n)->fertilization=multicellular sporophyte(2n)

Front 32

Sepals

Back 32

One of the separate, usually green parts forming the calyx of a flower.

Front 33

petals

Back 33

One of the often brightly colored parts of a flower immediately surrounding the reproductive organs; a division of the corolla.

Front 34

anthers (pollen)

Back 34

The pollen-bearing part of the stamen.

Front 35

pistil/carpel (egg)

Back 35

the ovule-bearing or seed-bearing female organ of a flower, consisting when complete of ovary, style, and stigma.

Front 36

double fertilization

Back 36

the fertilization process characteristic of flowering plants, in which one sperm cell of a pollen grain fertilizes an egg cell while a second fuses with two polar nuclei to produce a triploid body that gives rise to the endosperm.

Front 37

zygote (2n):

Back 37

new plant

Front 38

endosperm (3n):

Back 38

nutrition for new plant

Front 39

seed

Back 39

the fertilized, matured ovule of a flowering plant, containing an embryo or rudimentary plant.

Front 40

seed coat

Back 40

the outer integument of a seed.

Front 41

cotyledons (seed leaves),

Back 41

A leaf of the embryo of a seed plant, which upon germination either remains in the seed or emerges, enlarges, and becomes green

Front 42

hypocotyl (embryonic stem),

Back 42

a part of a germinating seedling of a seed plant

Front 43

radicle (embryonic root)

Back 43

the lower part of the axis of an embryo; the primary root.

Front 44

phototropism

Back 44

Growth or movement of a sessile organism toward or away from a source of light

Front 45

Gravitropism

Back 45

response to gravity

Front 46

Thigmotropism

Back 46

response to touch

Front 47

Photoperiodism

Back 47

response to relative length of daylight & darkness, circadian rhythm

Front 48

daylight

Back 48

Pr + red light . Pfr

Front 49

darkness

Back 49

Pfr + far-red light . Pr