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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Civil Rights? |
-the privileges guaranteed by the government to all citizens under the 14th and 5th amendments -so there is no unequal treatment |
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What are inherent characteristics? |
color, sex, race, looks |
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What is strict scrutiny? |
race, ethnicity, religon |
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What is intermediate scrutiny? (bradwell case) aka: heightened scrutiny (craig v boren case) |
sex, gender, sexual orientation |
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What is reasonable scrutiny? |
wealth, disability, age |
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What is civil disobedience? |
a nonviolent refusal to comply with laws/govt. policies |
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What is significant about the DREAD SCOTT case? |
-the Missouri compromise was declared unconstitutional -African Americans assured that they are citizens |
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What are the Black Codes? |
-laws passed after civil war -in the south -limited rights of former slaves |
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What are the Jim Crow Laws? |
laws that required strict separation of racial groups |
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What is Jure Segregation? |
-legally mandated separations -FORCED SEGREGATION |
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What is the White Primary? |
-the important election round, where only whites can vote |
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What is the literacy test? |
a test that only AA would have to take that would determine if they are elligible to vote or not |
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What is the Poll Tax to vote? |
fee levied specially for voting, so that AA could not afford |
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What is the grandfather clause? |
it exempted individuals (whites) from conditions on voting |
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What is a significant about PLESSY V FERGUSON? |
-the separate but equal doctrine was created -it said that states had to provide SEPARATE but Equal facilities to different groups |
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Who is W.E.B Du Bois? |
-AA writer and scholar-father for social sciences -created the NAACP (national association for African-American colored people) |
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What is significant about BROWN V BOARD OF EDUCATION? |
-segregation among schools is a violation of the 14th amendment -this case overturned the ruling of PLESSY V FURGUESON (seperate but equal) |
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What did groups do to combat discrimination? |
-boycotts -marches -political protests |
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What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do? |
-outlawed arbitrary discrimination -banned discrimination for public accommodation -banned states from banning access to public facilities -barred govt. agencies from discrimination -equality standard in employment opportunity |
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What did Voting Rights Act of 1965 do? |
-banned voter registration tests |
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What is De Facto Segregation? |
-caused by the tendency of people living in the same neighborhoods as their race/religion/ethnicity group -ACCIDENTAL SEGREGATION |
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What happened during the 1st wave of the Women's Rights Movement? |
the Declaration of Sentiments was signed |
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What is significant about the BRADWELL case? |
-women's destiny was to fulfill the noble offices of wives and mothers -established that women can be treated differently then men |
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Who is Alice Paul? |
she founded the National Women's Party to get attention for women's sufferage |
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What happened during the 2nd wave of the women's rights movements? |
-women wanted equal political, social, economic status -there was discrimination in education, employment, pay; lack of child care; domestic violence and rape |
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What was the Equal Pay Act? |
prohibited employers form paying men more than women |
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What was the Title VII of the 1964 civil rights act? |
proposed act to prohibit discrimination in all personal decisions |
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What was Title IX? |
Prohibits sex-based discrimination in educational institutions from receiving federal funds |
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What is significant about REED V REED? |
-1st time the equal protection clause under the 14th amendment was used -intermediate scrutiny test concluded that unequal treatment of women is unconstitutional |
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What test was created during CRAIG V BOREN? |
heightened scrutiny test |
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What was the Equal Rights Amendment? |
-equality of rights under law shall not be denied by states based on sex -THIS AMENDMENT WAS NOT PASSED |
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What happened during the 3rd wave of Women's Rights? |
women have unequal access to legal rights (economically/socially) |
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What issues were important in the fight for Native American Rights? |
-basic enumerated rights from Bill of Rights -there was unequal education/job/due process -fishing and hunting |
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What issues were important in the fight for Latino Americans? |
-land disputes (US took land that once belonged to Mexico, they promised the people that they then would become US citizens, but they were not given the basic civil rights) -segregated school, unequal job/salary |
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Who was Cesar Chavez? |
A Latino leader in the Chicano Movement who taught other Latinos their civil rights and to vote |
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What was the American with Disabilities Act? |
bans discrimination against people with disabilities in education, jobs, healthcare |
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What is significant about LAWRENCE V TEXAS? |
14th amendment gave people of same sex to engage in sexual intercourse privately legally |
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What is significant about OBERGEFELL V HODGES? |
14th amendment allows same sex marriages legally |
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What is a hate crime? |
when offender is biased about victims race, color, ethnicity, religion, nationality, gender, sexual orientation, disability |
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What is affirmative action? |
-a policy favoring those who suffer from discrimination usually in education or job employment -controversial because it can hurt smarter people of non-discriminatory backgrounds form getting ahead in life |
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What is significant about CALIFORNIA V BAKKE? |
court minimized white opposition, and maximized gains for racial minorities |
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What is the standard review courts use to evaluate affirmative action? |
strict scrutiny |
