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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cancer statistics |
2nd cause of death in US. Kid infected=worse(faster cell growth). 50% is preventable. |
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What is cancer? |
Abnormal, uncontrolled growth of cells |
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What is a tumor? |
Mass of tissue, serves no physiological function. |
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Benign tumor |
Group of cells enclosed in a membrane, doesn't spread |
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Malignant tumor |
Group of cells, invade other body parts Blood vessels lymphatic system nerves |
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How does cancer spread? |
1. Altered genetic activity of cell. Grows divides where shouldn't |
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Hyperplasia |
Rapid growth of abnormal cells |
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Dysplasia |
Abnormally shaped cells |
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In situ cancer |
Continued abnormal growth, stay contained |
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Invasive cancer |
Malignant, invades other tissues or sheds cells into blood stream |
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Spread of cancer least to worst bad |
Altered cell, hyperplasia, dysplasia, in situ cancer, invasive cancer |
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Primary tumor |
Original cancer location |
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Metastasizing |
Traveling and seeding process of cancer cells |
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Metastasis |
New tumors are called secondary tumors |
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Stresses of cancer |
0- early, present in cells, rare 1- extensive with increased numbers 2- greater tumor size, degree of spreading still capsulated 3- spread to adjacent areas 4- advanced, spread to organs, difficult |
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Carcinoma |
Common, skin breast uterus prostate lung internal organs |
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Sarcoma |
Painful, muscle bone cartilage |
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Lymphoma |
Spinal tap, lymph glands |
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Leukemia |
In blood cells, increase in white blood cells, flu like symptoms |
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Cancer in men |
Prostate c is common Lung is most deadly Brain or pancreatic is most aggressive |
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Cancer in women |
Breast is common Lung is most deadly |
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Old cancer survival rate |
66% For 5 years |
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What % of skin and lung cancer could've been prevented? |
90% skin 87% lung |
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Lung cancer |
Most common cause of death in US Tobacco causes 87% of preventable deaths 5yr survival rate is 15% |
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Colon and rectal cancer |
3rd common for men and women Risk factors: age over 50, diet, genetic predisposition |
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Breast cancer |
Most common in women, not as fatal Risk factors: over 50, diet, early menstruation, kid after 30 Detection: start looking at 20, mammogram at 40 Treatment: ultrasonagrphy, 98% survival rate if early |
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Prostate cancer |
Most common in men, 2nd leading cause of death Risks: age, diet, genetics Detection: psa blood test, ultrasound Treatment: surgery, 100% survival rate |
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Cervical cancer |
Most from HPV, unprotected sex, smoking increases chance 20-30yrs old Prevention: pap test in women 18-65, gardasil |
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Uterine or endometrial cancer |
Women after 55 Risks: to much estrogen, no pregnancy, obese Detect: pelvic exam, ultrasound of ovaries Treatment: surgery, remove ovaries, chemo |
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Skin cancer |
Most common form in US Risk: uv rays, sunburn, white people 10X Types: basal, squamous, melanoma Treatment: ABCD |
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Melanoma |
Deadly skin cancer |
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ABCD test |
Asymmetry- cut in half, it's not the same Border- irregular Color- dark brown black multiple colors Diameter- bigger than pencil eraser |
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Oral cancer |
Lip tongue from tobacco use alcohol hard to cure |
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Testicular cancer |
Rare, men 20-35 |
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Role of DNA in cancer |
23 pairs of chromosomes Gene is a smaller unit of DNA |
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Mutagenes |
Radiation, viruses, chemical substances cause |
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Oncogenes |
Genes that transform a normal cell into cancer |
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Tumor suppressor genes |
Type of oncogene that restricts cell growth |
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Why use tobacco? |
Physiological addiction, social, psychological. Secondary reinforces that trigger urge |
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Genetic factors that cause smoking |
CYP2A6- enzyme that metabolizes nicotine, increases addiction DRD2- gene associated with dopamine when you smoke, decrease addiction |
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How does nicotine affect brain? |
Affect brain chemistry: Release off neurotransmitters and hormones like epinephrine, dopamine |
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Nicotine on CNS |
Increase HR, BP, enhance alertness Mild sedative, relieve anxiety |
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Nicotine use among kids |
90% of new smokers in US 13 average age, 10 age for chew More likely to use if in environment |
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Emphysema |
Tar on lung, tart kills lungs |
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Carcinogens in cigarettes |
Nicotine causes cancer, 43 chemicals linked to cancer, additives, poison like arsenic Carbon monoxide which displaces oxygen in red blood cells to not bind to oxygen |
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Cardiovascular disease linked to nicotine |
Atherosclerosis: narrowing of arteries Angina pectoris: chest pain Myocardial infraction: heart attack Long term: Aortic aneurysm: bulge in aorta caused by weakening of walls Pulmonary heart disease: right side of heart caused by damages to blood vessels of lungs |
