Unit 2—Freud: Psychoanalysis

Front 1

List several personal qualities of Freud that contributed to his psychoanalytic theories.

Back 1

Younger brother died in infancy. Freud had wished unconsciously for the death of his rival and when Julius did die, Freud was filled with guilt and self-reproach, conditions that continued into adulthood.
Emotionally attached to parents especially his mother. Preferred one on one relationships in adulthood.

Front 2

Explain how the three levels of mental life relate to the three provinces of the mind.

Back 2

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Front 3

Identify the three levels of mental life.

Back 3

a. Unconscious

b. Preconscious

c. Conscious

Front 4

Explain the following level of mental life:

a. Unconscious

Back 4

a. All urges/drives beyond our awareness bute motivate our action behaviour and feelings.
Can be conscious of over behaviour but not aware of mental processes behind them.
Existence... proved indirectly.
Freud explanation for : meaning of dreams, slips of tongues and repression (from of forgetting)
Dreams - rich source of unconscious.

Front 5

Explain the following level of mental life:

b. Preconscious

Back 5

b. Level of element in unconscious that are readily available.

Two sources.

1. Conscious perception. Perceive conscious for transitionary period. Moves to preconscious when attention is redirected.
Usually elements are free of anxiety. SImilar to images in conscious more than urges in unconscious.

2. Images from unconscious that have made it past the first censor. In disguise form. Don’t always. IF we recognize as anxiety charged we attempt to activate the final censor to surpress the thoughts back to our subconscious.
Some make it to consciousness in forms:
- dreams
- slip of the tongue
- elaborate defence measures.

Front 6

Explain the following level of mental life:

c. Conscious

Back 6

c. Mental elements in awareness at any given point in time. Minor role in psychoanalytic theory.
Level of mental elements directly available to us.
Reach consciousness from two directions:

1. Perceptual conscious system: Act as a medium for perception of external world.
Thru sense organs. If not too threatening.

2. From preconscious. both non threatening and menacing thoughts.
IF make it this way are distorted and often in forms of defensive behaviours or dream elements.

Front 7

What are the provinces of the mind?

Back 7

All hypothetical constructs. Do not exist in the physical sense.
Help to explain mental processes according to functions and purposes.
Introduced in 1920s.

a) ID

b) Ego

c) Super Ego

Division between Id, Super Ego and Ego not sharp nor clear. Development varies between people
Healthy person operates in harmony with min conflict.

Front 8

Describe the following province of the mind and its characteristics:

a. ID

Back 8

Pleasure principle.
Most primitive part of the mind.
Only in unconscious.
Pronoun meaning “the it” or not-yet-owned component of personality
No contact with reality.
Strive to reduce tension by satisfying basic desires.
FUnction: Solely to seek pleasure.
Ex. newborn personification of ID.
Seeks gratification of needs without regard for what is possible or proper.
ID no direct contact with reality.
Not altered by passage of time or experience.
Unrealistic
pleasure seeking
illogical
simultaneously entertain incompatible ideas.
amoral (has no morality)
primitive
chaotic
inaccessible to consciousness
unchangeable
unorganized
filled with energy received from basic drives and discharged for the satisfaction of the pleasure principle.
ID operates through primary process.
It blindly seeks the pleasure principle, but its survival dependent on secondary process to bring into contact with external world. Secondary process functions through the ego.

Front 9

Describe the following province of the mind and its characteristics:

b. Ego

Back 9

Reality principle
Only area in contact with reality
Grows out of ID. Change infancy
Sole source of communication with external world.
Govern by reality principle which tries to substitute the pleasure principle.
Decision maker/ executive branch of personality.
Partly conscious, preconscious, and unconscious
Makes decisions in all 3 levels.
When performing cognitive and intellectual functions must consider both demands from super ego, ID and external world...Not compatible demands.
tries to reconcile irrational claims of ID and super ego with realistic demands of external world.
PRessure from three sides. has ego react in predictable manner ... it becomes anxious.
IT uses repression and other defense mechanisms to defend against anxiety. Ego differentiated from ID when infant learns to distinguish themselves from the outer world.
Differ from ID that is unchanging. Constantly grows and develops strategies to handle unrealistic demands of pleasure.

Front 10

Describe the following province of the mind and its characteristics:

c. Super Ego

Back 10

c. aka above I
Moralistic/Idealistic principles.
Grows out of ego.
No energy of own.
Diff from ego - NO contact with outside world.
Therefore unrealistic demands for perfection
2 subsystems:
1. conscience - learn through experiences of punishment... what not to do.
2. ego-ideal - learn through experiences of rewards ... what to do.
Odepius phase - ideals internalized through identification with the mother and father.
Well developed Super Ego - control of sexual and aggressive impulsives through repression.
Orders ego to do things it can’t do itself.
Watches over ego.
Judges ego example: GUilt - result when ego acts or thinks about acting contrary to moral standard of super ego. Inferiority - results when ego acts in way that does not meet the sntandards of the super ego.
NOT concerned with the happiness of the ego.
Strives toward perfection
Doesn’t take into consideration practical info faced by ego.
SImilar to ID - ignorant of practicality of reality.

Front 11

List eight Freudian defense mechanisms

Back 11

a. Repression

b. Reaction Formation

c. Displacement

d. Fixation

e. Regression

f. Projection

g. Introjection
h. Sublimation

All defence mechanisms protect ego against anxiety.
Universal
Each combine repression to some degree.
Can be normal but if extreme turn into psychopathology.
all benefit individual and harmless to society except sublimation: is beneficial to both individual and society.

Front 12

Describe the following Freudian defense mechanism:

a. Repression

Back 12

most basic defence mechanism. Ego threatened use __ against undesirable ID impulses.
Forces feelings into unconscious.
___ perpetrated through lifetime
NO society allows for uninhibited: sex and aggression.
Children learn to be anxious in future because of previous B being punished.
What happens with impulses in unconscious?
1. Stay unchanged in unconscious
2. emerge in conscious unaltered. in turn create anxiety.
3. EMERGE IN FORM of disguise. Ex. Physical symptom. Or outlet in dreams, slips of tongue or other defence mechanism.

Front 13

Describe the following Freudian defense mechanism:

b. Reaction Formation

Back 13

Adopting disguise that is directly opposite to original form.
Impulsive b.
Exaggerated b.
Compulsive b.
Ex. women hates mum. Overly loves mum. Exaggerated words,expression.

Front 14

Describe the following Freudian defense mechanism:

c. Displacement

Back 14

Redirect unacceptable urges on to another person or object so original impulses is disguised or concealed. Similar to Reaction Formation but B. not exaggerated.

ex. Mad at coworker. Take it out on wife. But remain friendly to coworker.

Front 15

Describe the following Freudian defense mechanism:

d. Fixation

Back 15

Occurs when proper progressing in development is too anxiety provoking.
Ego works to restore comfortable psychological stage.
def:permanent attachment of libido onto an earlier, more primitive stage of development.
Universal
ex. pleasuring of eating is oral fixation.

Front 16

Describe the following Freudian defense mechanism:

e. Regression

Back 16

Ego reverts back to earlier stage of development. Common in children.
Revert to use secure pattern of behavior.

Ex. Adult - fetal position.
Weaned baby... back to nipple.

Front 17

Describe the following Freudian defense mechanism:

f. Projection

Back 17

Attribute unwanted anxiety to external object.

Ex. Seeing in others feelings and B that actually reside in self.

External type of projection: Paranoia
def: characterized by powerful delusions of jealousy and persecution.
Freud: paranoia always characterized by repressed homosexual feelings toward persecutor.

EX: Love boy. Say hate. and to go further say boy hates them.

Front 18

Describe the following Freudian defense mechanism:

g. Introjection

Back 18

Person incorporates positive qualities traits of other people into their own ego.
Introject characteristics to feel better about themselves.

Oedipus complex is as prototype of introjection.
During Oedipal phase child introject values from parents. sets into motion the beginning of the super eog.
Latency phase...start to make superego more personalized.

Front 19

Describe the following Freudian defense mechanism:

h. Sublimation

Back 19

Only defence mechanism that helps both individual and social group.
def: repression of the genital aim of Eros by substituting a cultural or social aim. Most expressed most obviously in art, music literature.
Ex. Michelangelo: found an indirect outlet for his libido in painting and sculpting.
Most people capable of sublimating portion of libido to serve higher cultural values and at the same time retaining sufficient amount of sexual drive to pursue individual erotic pleasure.

Front 20

Compare and contrast the course of development for both the male and the female Oedipus complexes

Back 20

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Front 21

Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of psychoanalysis as a scientific theory

Back 21

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Front 22

Discuss recent neuroscience research as it relates to Freud's theory.

Back 22

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Front 23

Argue pro or con whether Freud was scientific in his writings.

Back 23

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Front 24

Explain Freud's concept of the sexual and aggressive instincts.

Back 24

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Front 25

Discuss the importance of anxiety in psychoanalytic theory.

Back 25

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Front 26

Summarize the psychosexual stages of development and their possible effects on personality

Back 26

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Front 27

Debate the accuracy of Freud's concept of women.

Back 27

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Front 28

Compare Freud's early therapeutic technique with his later approach and explain how his shift in techniques may have permanently altered the history of psychoanalysis.

Back 28

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Front 29

Explain Freud's concept of dreams.

Back 29

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Front 30

Discuss recent research related to Freud's concept of dreams.

Back 30

LOOK UP

Right???? From Freud’s perspective dreams are wish fulfillments that revealed our deepest wishes and desires. He thought that dreams served as a gateway to our unconscious mind. According to Freud, dreams contain both manifest and latent content. The manifest content can be described as the storyboard the conscious individual remembers when describing the dream. The latent content is the deeper, hidden message that is derived from our unconscious thoughts, drives and desires. This repressed content is disguised as symbols in our dream. When we are awake our unconscious mind prevents some kinds of repressed feelings from bubbling to the surface. However, when we dream Freud felt our conscious guard is let down and in turn allows our subconscious thoughts to express itself and reveal our hidden desires through this symbolic language in our dreams.