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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Living things must... |
maintain homeostasis |
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What are the basic functions of life? |
nutrition, excretion, transport, respiration, growth, synthesis, regulation |
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What makes up an organisms metabolism? |
all life processes |
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What happens if you don't maintain homeostasis? |
death and disease |
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What are autotrophs |
make their own food |
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What are heterotrophs |
eat other organisms for energy |
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What is photosynthesis? What does it use? What does it make? |
carried out by plants to make energy uses carbon dioxide water and sun light makes glucose, a sugar molecule, for energy and oxygen |
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Where does photosynthesis occur? |
chloroplasts |
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What are stomates |
holes in plant leafs where that let them exchange gases used in photosynthesis |
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What are guard cells |
open and close the stomates prevent loss of too much water |
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What is respiration |
mechanism by which organisms break sugar bonds to create energy for the cell |
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What is the energy molecule of an organism |
ATP |
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What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration |
requires oxygen and yields more ATP than anaerobic which does not require oxygen |
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What is the product of anaerobic respiration in humans |
lactic acid, FEEL the BURN |
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What are photosynthesis and aerobic respiration? |
opposites |
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What is diffusion |
movement of molecules from high conc. to low conc. passive transport |
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What is active transport |
requires the use of energy, usually a molecule moving from low conc. to high conc. moves against the flow of diffusion |
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What is osmosis |
diffusion of water into or out of the cell |
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What happens to the cell shape when water...diffuses into the cell? diffuses out of the cell? |
cell swells cell shrinks |
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What is regulation |
coordination and control of other life functions |
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What is a stimulus |
a change in the env. that you respond too |
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What is a neuron |
a nervel cell |
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What is an impulse |
electical signal carried by nerves |
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What are neurotransmitters |
the molecules that help to carry the electrical impulse between nerve cells |
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What is a hormone |
chemical signal secreted by different glands of the body |
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What are some examples of hormones |
insulin, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, adrenaline etc. |
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What are receptor molecules |
proteins on the surface of the cell membrane that receive signals form the nervous or endocrine system, needed for your cells to communicate and work together |
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What are the four most common elements |
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen CHON |
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What must organic compounds contain |
carbon and hydrogen |
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What are bigger organic or inorganic molecules |
organic |
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What are carbohydrates |
sugars and starches |
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What are all carbs made from |
simple sugars |
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What is an example of a simple sugar |
glucose |
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What are lipids |
fat molecules that store energy |
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What are lipids made of |
fatty acids and glycerol |
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What are some functions of protein |
hormones, enzymes, cell structures, receptors, channels |
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What are proteins made of |
amino acids |
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What determines a proteins function |
shape and fit |
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What are four specific jobs of protein |
make enzymes, receptor molecules, antibodies, hormones |
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What are enzymes and catalyst |
the affect the rates of chemical reactions |
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What is the lock and key model |
one type of enzyme fits one type of molecule if you cahnge the shape of one the other wont fit |
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What happens to proteins at high temps |
proteins lose their shape and no longer work |
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What is pH |
scale that measures the strength of an acid and base an acidic pH is 0-6.9 neutral is water and is pH 7 basic pH is 7.1-14 |
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What are the basic units of life |
cells |
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What is the cell theory |
all living things are made of cells |
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What are the differences between plant cells and animal cells |
plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts, animal cells do not animal cells have centrioles |
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What are organelles |
the behind the scenes workers that allow a cell to live |
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What is the cell membrane? What is it made of? |
barrier that separate the cell from the outside env. made of proteins and lipids |
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What does selective permeability mean? |
cell membrane only lets certain things in lets in freely, small molecules like water and oxygen blocks large molecules like starch or protein which need active transport to come in |
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What is the cell wall |
protective layer around the cell membrane that keeps the cell intact |
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how are organisms classified |
by evolutionaty history with common ancestors grouped together |
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What are kingdoms |
largest group of related organisms (fungi, plants, animals, protists, bacteria) |
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What is a species |
the more specific classification of an organism they can reproduce within only one species |
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What are the two parts to an organisms scientific name |
genus and species name |
