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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How would you increase flow of a liquid through a fixed tube (L & radius). Think PRBC.
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You need to decrease viscosity, so you can dilute it or warm it
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What is Laminar Flow?
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Linear flow, it is silent and what we want for gas movement in the lungs
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What is Turbulent Flow?
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Non-linear flow, loud movement (asthma, strider etc..), inhibits air movement
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True or False: Gases and liquids are fluids.
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TRUE
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True or False: All fluids can be compressed?
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FALSE, Gases can be compressed Liquids cannot.
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What forces are associated with fluids?
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Gravity, pressure and friction
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Friction is proportional to what?
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Viscosity
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What is Viscosity the measure of?
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Resistance to flow
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In Laminar Flow how fast is the fluid in the center of the tube moving?
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About twice the mean flow
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In Laminar Flow how fast is the fluid on the wall of the tube moving?
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Next to zero movement
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What causes fluids to move through a tube?
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A pressure gradient
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Is Poiseuille's Law used for Laminar or Turbulent Flow?
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Laminar Flow, Turbulent flow uses Reynold's number
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What parts of Poiseuille's Law are proportional to Flow?
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Radius and pressure gradient
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What parts of Poiseuille's Law are inversely proportional to Flow?
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Viscosity & Length
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If you double the radius of the tube how much will the flow increase?
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16 times
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If you half the radius of the tube how much will the flow decrease?
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it will be decreased to 1/16
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What is the relationship between Flow and Pressure?
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They are proportional to each other, as flow increases pressure increases. (Don't confused this with Bernoulli's Principle)
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How would you increase flow of a liquid through a fixed tube (L & radius) and without changing the viscosity? Think rapid fluid resuscitation.
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Increase the pressure gradient, raise the fluid bag or apply pressure.
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How are flow and viscosity related?
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They are inversely proportional
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What does decreasing the length of a tube by half do to flow?
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It increases it doubles flow
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What does doubling the length of a tube do to flow?
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It decreases it by half
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What is the formula for finding out resistance?
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R=(8ηΙ)/(π r^4)
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How is viscosity and length related to resistance?
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They are proportional to resistance
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How is the radius of a tube related to resistance?
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It is inversely proportional
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When and where does turbulent flow occur?
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at high velocity, sharp bends, angles, or irregularties and flow through an orifice
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What is the tipping point for determining if flow is Laminar or Turbulent?
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A Reynold's number > 2000 is turbulent
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When flow is turbulent what determines flow?
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Density, not viscosity
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What is a clinical application of density in flow?
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Helium/oxygen
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If turbulence increases what is required to maintain a flow rate? What is this called?
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As turbulence increases Pressure must also increase to maintain a flow rate. This is called driving pressure.
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What is the "magic" angle at which Laminar flow does not become turbulent
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25 degrees
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What happens to resistance as flow becomes more turbulent?
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Resistance increases
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What is Bernoulli's Principle?
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When flow goes through a CONSTRICTED tube the velocity of flow increases, and the lateral pressure against the wall of the tube decreases.
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What are clinical application of Bernoulli's Principle?
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Venturi oxygen mask, nebulizer, jet ventilator
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What is a Venturi effect?
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When flow goes through a CONSTRICTED tube has a opening at the constriction air will be sucked in due to the decreased lateral pressure against the wall of the tube.
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What is the Coanda effect?
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The tendency of a jet stream to adhere to a boundary wall, What does that mean? Flow will be greatest in the wider bore tube or greater angled tube after a constriction followed by a bifurcation. Because there is a lower pressure at that angle.
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What is Reynold's formula?
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Re =(Velocity (v) * density (p) *diameter (d)) / (viscosity (n) * length (l))
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What is Boyle's law?
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The pressure of an ideal gas at constant temperature varies inversely with the volume
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What is the equation for Boyle's Law?
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P1V1=P2V2
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What is the volume of an E-cylinder?
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5 L
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What is atmospheric pressure in psi?
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14.7 psi
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What is atmospheric pressure in torr?
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760 torr
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What is atmospheric pressure in atm?
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1 atm
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What is atmospheric pressure in mmHg?
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760mmHg
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What is atmospheric pressure in kilopascal?
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101 kilopascal
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What is a quick way to determine how much volume you have left in a O2 tank?
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Multiply the psi by 0.3 or 0.33
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What is Charles' Law?
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Volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (in KELVIN) at constant pressure; when temperature increases volume of a gas increases.
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What is the equation for Charles' Law?
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V1T2=V2T1
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What is Gay-Lussac's Law?
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Pressure is directly proportional to absolute temperature if column is constant. When the temperature of a gas in a container at constant volume increases, pressure increases.
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What is the equation for Gay-Lussac's Law?
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P1T2=P2T1
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What is the equation for the combined gas law?
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P1V1T2=P2V2T1
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For all gas laws does it matter what temperature measurement you use?
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YES it needs to be in Kelvin
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For all gas laws does it matter what pressure measurement you use?
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NO as long as they are the same measurements on both sides
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What function of the combined gas law is constant with Charles Law?
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Pressure
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What function of the combined gas law is constant with Boyle's Law?
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Temperature
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What function of the combined gas law is constant with Gay-Lussac's Law?
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Voume
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What is the volume of one mole of gas at STP according to Avogadro's Hypothesis?
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22.4 L
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What is the Ideal Gas Law?
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PV=nrT n= number of moles r= a constant
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What is Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures?
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The total pressure in a mixture of gases is qual to the sum of the pressures of the individual gases.
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How do you calculate partial pressures?
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Multiply the percent times the atmospheric pressure
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