Ucf Samsam Neuroanatomy Final Exam - Ans

Front 1

Sympathetic

Back 1

*Thoraco-lumbar*

Lateral horn of T1-L2/3 of the spinal cord

Front 2

Parasympathetic

Back 2

*Cranio-sacral*

CN 3, 7, 9, and 10 and S2, S3, S4 (Pelvic splanchnic nerve)

Front 3

Greater splanchnic

Lesser Splanchnic

Least Splanchnic

Back 3

Greater --> T5-T9

Lesser --> T10-T11

Least --> T12

Front 4

Neurotransmitter of Preganglion

Back 4

Acetylcholine (Ach) --> bind to Cholinergic receptor

Front 5

Neurotransmitter of Post-Ganglion

Back 5

Parasympathetic --> Ach

Sympathetic --> Norepinephrine --> bind to Adrenergic receptor

Front 6

adrenergic receptors

Back 6

Alpha Receptors:

-Alpha 1

-Alpha 2

Beta Receptors: * all adenylate cyclase activated, cAMP up

-Beta 1

-Beta 2

-Beta 3

Front 7

Alpha 1

Back 7

Contraction of skin and splanchnic vessels

Erects hair

*Post Synaptic*

Front 8

Alpha 2

Back 8

Inhibits transmitter release

Inhibits lipolysis

Front 9

Beta 1

Back 9

Located in the heart to stimulate rate and force

Agonist: Norepinephrine

Antagonist: Propranolol

Front 10

Beta 2

Back 10

Stimulates Glycogenolysis

Stimulates Insulin Release

Relaxes Vessels in skeletal muscle

Front 11

Cholinergic Receptors

Back 11

Muscarinic

-Glands (+)

-Heart (-)

-Peristalsis (+)

Nicotinic

-Excitation of Depolarization Na/K channels

-At autonomic ganglia and NMJ

Front 12

Muscarinic Antagonist

Back 12

Atropine

Front 13

Eye Sympathetic

Back 13

Pupil -> Alpha -> Dilation

Ciliary Muscle -> Beta -> Accommodation

Lacrimal Gland -> Decreased secretion

Front 14

Eye Parasympathetic

Back 14

Pupil -> Constriction

Ciliary Muscle -> Contraction -> Lens thickens

Lacrimal gland -> Increased secretion

Front 15

Salivary glands Sympathetic

Back 15

Submandibular --> Alpha --> Activates Viscous Secretion

Parotid --> Vasoconstrictor

Sublingual --> Decreased secretion

Front 16

Salivary Glands Parasympathetic

Back 16

Submandibular --> Activates secretion of Watery saliva

Parotid --> Activates secretion of watery saliva

Sublingual --> Increased secretion

Front 17

Heart Sympathetic

Back 17

Beta 1 --> (+) Chronotropic, (+) Dromotropic

Coronary arteries --> Vasodilation

Front 18

Heart Parasympathetic

Back 18

(-) Chromotropic

(-) Dromotropic

Coronary Arteries --> Vasoconstriction

Front 19

Lung Sympathetic

Back 19

Bronchi --> Beta --> Dilation

Vessels --> Constrict

Glands --> Decrease secretion

Front 20

Lung Parasympathetic

Back 20

Bronchi --> Constrict

Vessels --> Dilation

Glands --> Increases Secretion

Front 21

GI Tract Sympathetic

Back 21

Peristalsis --> Beta --> Relaxation

Sphincters --> Alpha --> Constriction

Glands --> Decreases Secretion

Front 22

GI Tract Parasympathetic

Back 22

Peristalsis --> Activation

Sphincters --> Relaxation

Glands --> Increases Secretion

Front 23

Pancreas Sympathetic

Back 23

Insulin --> Alpha/Beta --> Inhibits secretion/Activates Secretion

Exocrine --> Alpha --> Inhibits Secretion

Front 24

Pancreas Parasympathetic

Back 24

Exocrine --> Activates Secretion

Front 25

Urinary Bladder Sympathetic

Back 25

Sphincter --> Alpha --> Contraction

Detrusor --> Beta --> Relaxation

Front 26

Urinary Bladder Parasympathetic

Back 26

Sphincter --> Relaxation

Detrusor --> Contraction

Front 27

Genitals

Back 27

Sympathetic --> Ejaculation

Parasympathetic --> Erection

Front 28

The Baroreceptor reflex

Back 28

When Arterial Pressure Increases --> Baroreceptors 9 and 10 afferents activate --> Medulla activates the Vagus (Efferent) to:

-Decrease the blood pressure

-inhibit the sympathetic system of the heart

Front 29

Bainbridge Atrial Reflex

Back 29

When Venous Pressure Increases --> Vagus activates the Tractus Solitarius Nucleus:

-inhibits the Parasympathetic Outflow

-Stimulates the Sympathetic System

Front 30

In the Visual Reflex, the Retina is stimulated by light causing the Pupil to Constrict

What Nuclei are involved?

Back 30

Pretectal nucleus

Edinger-Westphal Nucleus

Superior Colliculus

Ocular Muscles Nucleus

Front 31

In the Accommodation Reflex, going from Far to Near, what are the steps?

Back 31

Medial Rectal muscles activate to Medially rotate eyes --> Ciliary Muscles Constrict --> Zonular fibers pull --> the Lens thickens

Front 32

Referred pain:

-Diaphragm

-Heart

-Esophagus

-Stomach

-Liver and Gallbladder

-Small Intestine

-Colon

-Urinary Bladder

-Kidney and Testis

Back 32

-Diaphragm --> C4

-Heart --> T3/T4

-Esophagus --> T4/5

-Stomach --> T8

-Liver and Gallbladder --> T8-T11

-Small Intestine --> T10

-Colon --> T11

-Urinary Bladder --> T11-L1

-Kidney and Testis --> T10-L1

Front 33

Horner's syndrome

Back 33

Damage of the sympathetic nerve supply to the Head and Neck

Front 34

Symptoms of Horner Syndrome

Back 34

Constriction of Pupil (Miosis)

Drooping of the eyelid (ptosis)

Exophthalmos (Abnormal protrusion of eyeball)

anhydrous (Loss of sweating)

Vasodilation of skin Arterioles --> Redness

Front 35

Central Horner's Syndrome

Back 35

Damage to the Reticulospinal fibers of the CNS (1st Order Neuron)

Caused by Brain stem injuries:

-Tumors

-Multiple Sclerosis

-Vascular Lesions

-Syringobulbia

Front 36

Signs of Central Horner's Syndrome

Back 36

Contralateral Hyperesthesia of the body

Loss of sweating of 1/2 of the body

Front 37

Preganglionic Horner's Syndrome

Back 37

Damage to:

-cervical spinal cord (2nd neuron) --> Tumors or Syringomyelia

-Anterior roots (C8, T1) --> Lower brachial plexus palsy (Klampke's palsy)

-Cervical sympathetic chain --> Carcinoma of the apex of lung or Pancoast syndrome

Front 38

Signs of Preganglionic Horner's syndrome

Back 38

Loss of sweating except the face and neck

flushing of the face and neck

Front 39

Postganglionic Horner's Syndrome

Back 39

Damage to 3rd order neuron caused by Internal Carotid occlusion or tumors in the middle cranial fossa

Front 40

Signs of Post ganglionic Horner's syndrome

Back 40

Facial pain or ENT problems

Front 41

Argyll Robertson Pupil

Back 41

Interruption of the fibers that run from pretectal nucleus to the Edinger-Westphal (Para) nuclei of the Oculomotor N. bilaterally

Front 42

Signs of Argyll Robertson Pupil

Back 42

Small Pupil with an irregular shape

It DOES NOT react to light, but DOES react to accommodation

Front 43

Cause of Argyll Robertson Pupil

Back 43

Neurosyphilis lesion or any midbrain lesion

-Neoplastic

-Vascular

-Encephalic

-demyelination

-Diabetic or Alcoholic neuropathy

Front 44

Why in Argyll Robertson Pupil it constrict in accommodation, but not to light?

Back 44

Pupil constricts to accommodation since Parasympathetic connection to Constrictor papillae M. is intact, but the sympathetic connection is severed.

Front 45

Shy-Drager Syndrome

Back 45

Damage to the Preganglionic Sympathetic neurons

Front 46

Signs of Shy-Drager Syndrome

Back 46

Orthostatic hypotension

Anhydrous

Impotence

Bladder Atonicity

Front 47

Raynaud's Syndrome

and therapy

Back 47

Painful disorder of the Terminal Arteries of the Extremities

Therapy: Preganglionic sympathectomy

Front 48

Signs of Raynaud's syndrome

Back 48

Idiopathic Paroxysmal bilateral cyanosis of the digits

Basically, Cold and emotion causes contraction of the arterioles and arteries

Front 49

Familial Dysautonomia (Riley-Day Syndrome)

Back 49

An Autosomal Recessive trait that causes loss of neurons in autonomic and sensory ganglia

Front 50

Signs of Familial Dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome)

Back 50

Abnormal sweating

Blood pressure instability

Difficulty in feeding (Inadequate tone of GI)

Progressive sensory loss

Front 51

Hirschsprung disease (Congential Megacolon)

Back 51

Absence of myenteric plexus due to neural crest cell migration into colon

Front 52

Signs of Hirschsprung disease

Back 52

Dilation and hypertrophy of the colon

Fecal retention

Front 53

Botulism

Back 53

Paralysis of all striated muscles due to Clostridium Botulinum toxin that BLOCKS the release of Ach

Front 54

Signs of Botulism

Back 54

General Paralysis

Dry eyes and mouth

Bowel obstruction

Front 55

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Back 55

Excessive Production of Hal caused by Increased parasympathetic stimulation