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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Indirect object pronouns
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me - (to, for) me
te - (to, for) you (fam.) le - (to, for) you (form.), him, her nos - (to, for) us os - (to, for) you (fam. plural) les - (to, for) you (form. pl.), them |
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Indirect object
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to whom or for whom an action is done, I.O.P. can be used in place of an indirect pronoun
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ex.
yo mando los libros a los estudiantes |
w/ I.O.P.
Yo les mando los libros |
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I.O.P. placement
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-in front of the conjugated verb
-in sentences with w/ conjugated verb followed by an infinitive: may be placed in front of conjugated verb or be attached to the infinitive -when used with present progressive, can be before conjugated estar or attached to present participle -refers to something already mentioned |
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Constructions with gustar
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-is always used with an indirect object pronoun
-two most common forms: third person singular (gusta) used if subject is singular, and third-person plural (gustan) if the subject is plural -agrees with the subject of the sentence -when what is liked is an activity, it is in the infinitive -the person who does the liking is the I.O. -a + noun or pronoun can be used to emphasize or specify person referred to by I.O. |
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I like to go to the movies
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Me gusta ir al cine
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I like lima
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Me gusta Lima
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I don't like those suitcases
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No me gustan esas maletas
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Eva (she) likes to swim and I like to dance
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A Eva (A ella) le gusta nadar y a mí me gusta bailar
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Eva likes Mexico and we like Costa Rica
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A Eva le gusta Mexico y a nosotros nos gusta Costa Rica
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Time expressions with Hacer
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Hace + length of time + que + verb in the present tense
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To ask how long something has been going on
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Cuánto tiempo hace que...
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Q: how long have you been studying spanish?
A: I have been studying spanish for three months |
Cuánto tiempo hace que estudia español?
Hace tres meses que estudio español. |
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Q: Are you very hungry?
A: Yes! I haven't eaten for eight hours. |
Tienes mucha hambre?
Sí! Hace ocho horas que no como. |
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Preterit
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refers to actions or states that have been completed in the past
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preterit of regular verbs ending in -ar
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yo -é
tú -aste ud/él/ella -ó nosotros -amos vosotros -asteis uds/ellas/ellos -aron |
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preterit of regular verbs ending in -er/-ir
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yo -í
tú -iste ud/él/ella -ió nosotros -imos vosotros -isteis uds/ellas/ellos -ieron |
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changes to verbs ending in
-gar -car -zar |
change before -é to:
g to gu (pagar -> pagué) c to qu (buscar -> busqué) z to c (empezar -> empecé) |
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-er/-ir verbs with stem ending in vowel
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change i to y in third person singular and plural endings
leer -> leyó, leyeron creer -> creyó, creyeron |
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-er/-ar verbs stem changing in present tense
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regular in the preterit
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ordinal numbers
first to tenth |
primero(a)
segundo(a) tercero(a) cuarto(a) quinto(a) sexto(a) séptimo(a) octavo(a) noveno(a) décimo(a) |
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ordinal numbers rules
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-agree in number and gender with the nouns they modify
-seldom used after décimo -primero and tercero drop the final -o before masc. sing. nouns |
