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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is another name for the intestinal roundworm? How is it obtained?
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Ascaris; through contaminated vegetation
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What is the rectal roundworm's name, and how is it obtained?
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Pinworm; through ingestion of eggs
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What worm lives in the intestine and feeds on human blood, and where is it most commonly obtained?
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Hookworms; through the foot
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Which worm is the one which painfully requires to be removed around a twisted stick, and how is it obtained?
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Guinea worm; through contaminated water
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Which nematoda causes huge swelling of appendages, and how it it obtained?
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Wucheria Bancrofti (settles in the lymph nodes); through infected mosquitos
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Which nematoda is caused by eating undercooked pork, and how is it obtained?
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Trichinella; through eating cysts
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The simplest animals in the world are...
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Sponges
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The arrangement of body parts around a central point or line is called...
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Symmetry
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Animals that can be divided into smaller halves by any plane passing through the longitudinal axis are said to have...
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Radial symmetry
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Cnidarians (jellyfish) and echinoderms (sand dollars) are some examples of...
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Animals with radial symmetry
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Which two types of symmetry do sponges have?
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Radial or are asymmetric
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Vertebraes belong to the phylum...
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Chordata
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What percent of all animals belong to the phylum chordata?
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3-5%
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The head end of an animal is called the... While the tail end is the...
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Anterior; posterior
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Having a head with sense organs and neural tissue is called...
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Cephalization
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Metamerism means...
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Segmented
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For what do sponges use water currents? (3)
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To obtain oxygen and food, and rid of wastes
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The outer layer of a sponge is made up of...
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Epidermal cells
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The middle layer of a sponge is __________ and contains...
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Gelatinous; amebocytes
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The inner layer of a sponge is made up of...
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Flagellated collar cells
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What are the 3 functions of amebocytes in sponges?
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They secret the sponge's skeleton, digest the sponge's food, and make the reproductive cells
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What, in the sponge, allow a water current to form?
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The Flagella located on the collar cells
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Sponge skeletons, which are secreted by the amebocytes, are made up of...
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Calcium or silicon spicules
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T/F: All sponges are multicellular
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True
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T/F: Sponges are eukaryotic
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True
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Sponges do not have true _______, and are on the ________ level of development.
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Tissues; cellular
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A group of amebocytes w/ a protective covering that help a sponge survive adverse conditions is called...
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A gemmule
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Water enters the sponge through the __ and exits through the __.
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Incurrent pore (ostium) and exits through the osculum
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The spongocoel is the...
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Large, hollow cavity in the sponge
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Regeneration, fragmentation, budding, and gemmules are all ways...
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Sponges reproduce asexually
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T/F: Are sponges are hermaphrodytes
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True
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Sexual reproduction in sponges results in __ __, which will eventually land on something which it will attach and grow.
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Free-swimming larvae
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An animal that cannot move is said to be __, while an animal that can move is said to be __.
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Sessile; motile
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The other word for the phylum Cnidaria is...
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Coelenterata
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Jellyfish, sea anemones, hydra, and coral all belong to the phylum...
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Cnidaria
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About how many species of Cnidarians are there?
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9,000
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Cnidarians have _ symmetry.
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Radial
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The one body opening of a Cnidarian is called its...
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Mouth
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A Cnidarian's mouth is surrounded by __, which contain stinging cells called...
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Tentacles; nematocysts
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The central cavity of a Cnidarian is called its...
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Gastrovascular cavity
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Sponges do not have a nerve system, but Cnidarians have a very primitive nerve system called a...
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Nerve net
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Cnidarians and sponges do not have _ or _ systems.
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Excretory or respiratory
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Polyps reproduce _ while medusa reproduce _.
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Asexually, sexually
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Polyps are _ and medusa (like jellyfish) are...
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Sessile; motile
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T/F: All vertebrates have bilateral symmetry
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True
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T/F: Sponges have organs
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False
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Calcium, silicon spicules, and proteinaceous fibers are all things which...
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The skeleton of a sponge can be made of
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T/F: Most sponges are marine
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True
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The fluid in the middle layer of a sponge is called the _ and the base of a sponge is called _.
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Mesohyl; the basal disc (holdfast)
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T/F: Gemmules are usually produced by freshwater sponges
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True
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Cnidocyte is another name for...
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Nematocysts (stinging cells)
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T/F: Most Cnidarians have no brain, but a primitive nervous system called a nerve net
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True
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Flatworms belong to the phylum..
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Platyhelminthes
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The 3 classes included in the phylum Platyhelminthes are...
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Turbellaria (planaria, free-living); Trematoda (flukes, parasites); and Cestoda (Tapeworms, parasites)
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T/F: Most flatworms have one body opening
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True
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Flatworms do not have a hollow body cavity called a...
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Coelom
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The light-sensing organs found on planaria are called... Where do they move the worm?
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Eyespots; they move the worm away from light
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Which organ to planaria use to detect odors?
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Auricles
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T/F: Most Flukes have a complex life cycle involving at least two hosts
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True
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The 3 hosts of the human liver fluke are...
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Snails, fish, and humans
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The human liver Flukes cause a disease called __, which is 20-30 times more prevelant than cancer
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Schistomaisis
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The two hosts of the human blood Fluke are...
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Humans and snails
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Where to tapeworms live?
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The digestive tract
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The anterior end of a tapeworm (class Cestoda) is called its...
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Scolex
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The segments of a tapeworm are called its...
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Proglottids
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When people get tapeworms by eating undercooked meat that contains cysts, what are these cysts called?
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Bladder worms
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Cow eats grass w/ eggs -> larvae burrow thru intestine to muscle & become b. worms -> man eats undercooked beef -> egg-feces
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The life cycle of a Tapeworm
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The second most common type of intestinal roundworm is...
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Ascaris
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Adult Ascaris live in the _ and feed on _.
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Intestine; partially digested food
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Con. vege -> eggs to larvae in stomach -> intestine into veins -> up trachea into throat -> grows in adult intestine
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The life cycle of Ascaris
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The most common parasitic nematode is a...
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Pinworm
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Pinworms live in a person's rectum and feed on...
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Fecal matter
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Ingest eggs -> hatch/mature in small intes. -> large intestine -> mate -> females lay eggs in person's anus
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Life cycle of a Pinworm
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Hookworms live in the _ and feed on _.
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Intestine; blood
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Egg poop -> larvae -> thru foot -> thru blood vessels -> up trachea into throat -> into intestine where they grow and feed on blood
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Hookworm
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Crustacean water -> larvae in belly -> small intes. -> connective tissue -> skin (3ft) -> discharges thru skin opening, usually in water
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The life cycle of a Guinea worm
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Wuhceria Bancrofit causes the disease...
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Elephantitis
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Larve to blood thru mosquito -> lymphs -> clog system causing swelling of appendages
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Life cycle of Wucheria Bancrofti
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Trichinella causes...
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Trichinosis
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eat undercooked pig w/ cysts -> eggs hatch in intestine -> adults prod. larvae -> migrate thru body and form cysts in body tissues
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The life cycle of a Trichinella (symptoms are stomach ache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, rash, muscle aches, death, sw.)
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The nose of an earthworm is called a....
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Prostomium
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The 5 hearts of an earth worm are called its...
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Aortic arches
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The organ in an earthworm used to store food is the _; and the one used to grind up the food is the _.
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Crop; gizzard
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Earthworms have a true body cavity called a...
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Coelom
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The brain of a planarian is called its...
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Ganglia
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How many species are there in phylum platyhelminthes?
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13,000
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Which class is the only type of segmented Playhelminthes?
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Cestoda
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When an organism has an anterior ganglia with longitudinal nerve cords connected by transverse nerves it is called..
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A nerve ladder
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T/F: Planarians are aquatic or live in most soil, and are the worms with the crazy ability to reproduce
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True
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T/F: Platyhelminthes have bilateral symmetry
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True
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What 2 types of parasites can flukes by?
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Endo and ecto
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Which type of Platyhelminthes class has a body covered with thick cuticle, and no cilia?
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Trematoda
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A disease in which the eggs harbor in blood vessels causing blockage is called...
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Schistomaisis
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Cysticercosis is...
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When tapeworms get in the brains of humans
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The head of a tapeworm is called its __, and on it we can find....
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Scolex; hooks and suckers
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The segments of a tapeworm are called...
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Proglottids
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How many species are there in phylum nematoda?
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12,000
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T/F: Nematoda have two body openings (alimentary)
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True
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Which type of nematoda can cause anemia due to blood loss?
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Hookworms; duh
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T/F: In the Phylum Annelida, all organ systems are present
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True
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What is an example of a species from the phylum Annelida besides earthworms?
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Leeches
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