Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
it needs to move molecules over long distances, much more than animals do |
Plants |
|
|
|
also knows as “food synthesized by leaves” |
Photosynthates |
product of photosynthesis |
|
|
it’s also have to be moved to all parts including the root tips embedded deep inside the soil |
Photosynthates |
|
|
|
2 parts of Vascular System or Plumbing System |
1. Xylem 2. Phloem |
|
|
|
when photosynthates move downward to root tip (leaves to other parts) |
Phloem — downward conduction |
|
|
|
root tip absorbs water and other mineral upward (roots to leaves) |
Xylem — upward conduction |
|
|
|
2 types of Meristem |
1. Lateral Meristem 2. Apical Meristem |
|
|
|
facilitate growth and thickness / width in a maturing plant a. Lateral Meristem b. Apical Meristem |
a. Lateral Meristem |
|
|
|
contain meristematic tissue; enables a plant to extend in length a. Lateral Meristem b. Apical Meristem |
b. Apical Meristem |
|
|
|
transport of substances from one part to another part within plant body |
Transportation |
|
|
|
over small distances, adjacent cells takes place by _______ |
Diffusion |
|
|
|
over long distances, a molecule or ion is moved across the cell membrane through _______ |
Vascular System (Xylem and Phloem) |
|
|
|
in rooted plants, transport in xylem is ______ (roots to stems) |
Unidirectional / One direction |
yung banda ni Zayn dati 😭 |
|
|
exported to other parts of the plant including storage organs |
Organic Compound |
|
|
|
Glucose (C6H12O6) is an example of? a. Organic matter b. Organ c. Organic Compound |
c. Organic Compound |
|
|
|
what is the storage organ in plants? a. Vacuole b. Lysosome c. Ribosome |
a. Vacuole |
|
|
|
transported upwards |
Mineral Nutrients |
|
|
|
when nutrients will be withdrawn from that part and moved to growing plants |
Senescence |
— katunog ng “Evanescence” — pagtanda |
|
|
cell membrane has ______ bilayer |
Phospholipid |
posporo |
|
|
parts of phospholipid |
1. Head-end 2. Tail-end |
|
|
|
hydrophilic, hydro-loving, and soluble |
Head-end |
|
|
|
hydrophobic, hydro-fearing, and not soluble |
Tail-end |
|
|
|
building block of skin, muscles and bones, tendons and filaments, and other connective tissues |
Collagen |
|
|
|
protein substance; most abundant protein in the body |
Elastin |
|
|
|
“spreading of molecules” |
Diffusion |
|
|
|
refers to the act or the means by which a molecule or ion is moved across the cell membrane or via the bloodstream |
Transport |
|
|
|
help the substances move against concentration gradient and is energy dependent process |
Special Proteins |
|
|
|
2 types of special protein |
1. Transport protein 2. Channel protein |
|
|
|
- high concentration to low concentration - random movement of particles - passive process (no use of energy) |
Diffusion |
|
|
|
factors affecting diffusion |
1. Concentration gradient 2. Permeability of membrane 3. Temperature and Pressure |
|
|
|
- non-polar substances diffuse through membrane - polar substances move with help of special proteins what process is it? |
Facilitated Diffusion |
|
|
|
- one of the passive transport - energy is supplied by ATP - selective in nature - sensitive to inhibitors |
Facilitated Diffusion |
|
|
|
3 types of transport molecules |
1. Symports 2. Antiports 3. Uniport |
|
|
|
transports one solute at a time (single molecule) a. Antiport b. Symport c. Uniport |
c. Uniport |
|
|
|
transports the solute in (or out) and the co-transported solute the opposite direction (two different molecules) a. Antiport b. Symport c. Uniport |
a. Antiport |
|
|
|
transports the solute and a co-transported solute at the same direction (two different molecules) a. Antiport b. Symport c. Uniport |
b. Symport |
|
|
|
example: transport of glucose to the RBC identify what type of transport |
Uniport |
|
|
|
example: exchange of CI- for HCO3 in the RBC identify what type of transport |
Antiport |
|
|
|
example: transport or Na+ and Glucose to the intestinal mucosal cell from the gut identify what type pf transport |
Symport |
|
|
|
requires energy; carried out by membrane proteins |
Active transport |
|
|
|
used against a concentration gradient; in case of active transport |
Energy pumps |
|
|
|
are proteins which use energy to carry substances across the cell membrane |
Pumps |
|
|
|
the potential energy of water molecules |
Water potential |
|
|
|
high solute concentration = _____ water potential |
low |
|
|
|
low solute concentration = _____ water potential |
high |
|
|
|
the pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at any point of time due to the force of gravity |
Hydrostatic pressure |
|
|
|
used to predict the movement of water in and out of plant cells |
Water potential |
|
|
|
2 components of water potential |
1. Solute potential (Osmotic) 2. Pressure potential (Turgor) |
|
|
|
formula of water potential |
W = Ws + Wp |
|
|
|
the free energy per unit mole of water |
Water potential |
|
|
|
the magnitude of lowering of water potential |
Solute potential |
|
|
|
solute potentials are always ____ |
negative (-) |
|
|
|
all solutions have a lower water potential because of the dissolved solutes True or False |
True |
|
|
|
the sum of all pressure on water |
Pressure potential |
|
|
|
forced caused by cell membrane pushing against cell wall what type of pressure? |
Turgor pressure |
|
|
|
2 types of pressure potential |
1. Turgor pressure 2. Wall pressure |
|
|
|
an equal and opposite force exerted by cell wall counteracts the movement of water due to osmosis what type of pressure? |
Wall pressure |
|
|
|
units of pressure |
1. MPa 2. Bars |
|
|
|
other pressures: a. cohesion b. atmospheric c. stem d. tension what does not belong to the group? |
c. stem (supposed to be: root) |
|
|
|
also called turgor potential or turgor pressure |
Pressure potential |
|
|
|
- it may be positive or negative - hydrostatic pressure to which water in a liquid phase is subjected |
Wall pressure or Turgor pressur |
|
|
|
MPa stands for…? |
Megapascal |
|
|
|
1 MPa = 100 bar True or False |
False (1 MPa = 10 bars) |
|
|
|
solvent and solute particles move to equalize concentration in Osmosis True or False |
False (in Diffusion) (in Osmosis, only solvent particles move. solute particles do not move) |
|
|
|
there’s no semipermeable membrane involved in Diffusion True or False |
True (in Osmosis, the movement is through semipermeable membrane) |
|
|
|
Diffusion and Osmosis similarly equalize the concentration of two solutions True or False |
True |
|
|
|
the process in plant cells where the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall due to the loss of water through osmosis |
Plasmolysis |
|
|
|
the shrinking of protoplasm away from the cell wall of a plant cell |
Plasmolysis |
|
|
|
Plasmolysis classified on the basis of osmotic pressure and concentration gradient True or False |
True |
|
|
|
it is also a passive transport and the outward diffusion of water |
Osmosis |
|
|
|
classifications of plasmolysis |
1. Hypertonic solution 2. Hypotonic solution 3. Isotonic solution |
|
|
|
it is the complete collapse of the cell wall due to further plasmolysis in the cell |
Cytorrhysis |
|
|
|
when water is transported out from the cell, solute concentration inside the cell is lower what type of solution? |
Hypertonic solution |
|
|
|
when water is transported into the cell, solute concentration inside the cell is higher what type of solution? |
Hypotonic solution |
|
|
|
amount of water transported into the cell equal to the amount of water transported out from the cell solute concentration inside the cell is equal to the solution outside the cell what type of solution? |
Isotonic solution |
|
|
|
a solution that has (less than) < 0.9% saline solution |
Hypotonic solution |
|
|
|
a solution that has (more than) > 0.9% saline solution |
Hypertonic solution |
|
|
|
a solution that has 0.9% NSS (Normal Saline Solution) |
Isotonic solution |
|
|
|
when water is absorbed by solids (colloids), resulting in an enormous increase in volume |
Imbibition |
|
