As - Transport In Animals - Ocr

Front 1

arrhythmia

Back 1

an abnormal rhythm of the heart.

Front 2

atrial fibrillation

Back 2

an abnormal rhythm of the heart when the atria beat very fast and incompletely.

Front 3

Bohr effect

Back 3

the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the uptake and release of oxygen by haemoglobin.

Front 4

bradycardia

Back 4

a slow heart rhythm of below 60 beats per minute.

Front 5

bundle of his

Back 5

conducting tissue composed of purkyne fibres that passes through the septum of the heart

Front 6

carbaminohaemoglobin

Back 6

the compound formed when carbon dioxide combines with haemoglobin.

Front 7

cardiac cycle

Back 7

the events of a single heartbeat, composed of diastole and systole.

Front 8

circulatory system

Back 8

the transport system of an animal.

Front 9

double circulatory system

Back 9

a circulatory system where the blood travels twice through the heart for each complete circulation of the body. In the first circulation blood is pumped by the heart to the lungs. In the second circulation oxygenated blood is pumped by the heart to the brain and body to supply cells with oxygen.

Front 10

ectopic heartbeat

Back 10

extra heartbeats that are out of the normal rhythm.

Front 11

elastic recoil

Back 11

the ability to return to original shape and size following stretching. Particularly of the alveoli of the lungs and of the arteries.

Front 12

electrocardiogram (ECG)

Back 12

a technique for measuring tiny changes in the electrical conductivity of the skin that result from the electrical activity of the heart. This produces a trace which can be used to analyse the health of the heart.

Front 13

haemoglobin

Back 13

the red, oxygen-carrying pigment of red blood cells.

Front 14

haemoglobinic acid

Back 14

the compound formed when haemoglobin accepts free hydrogen ions in its role as a buffer in the blood.

Front 15

mass transport system

Back 15

a transport system where substances are transported in a mass of fluid.

Front 16

oxygen dissociation curve

Back 16

graph showing the relationship between oxygen and haemoglobin at different partial pressures of oxygen.

Front 17

oxygenated blood

Back 17

blood that has passed through the gas exchange organs (e.g. lungs) and is high in oxygen.

Front 18

Purkyne fibres

Back 18

tissue that conducts the wave of excitation to the apex of the heart.

Front 19

single circulatory system

Back 19

a circulatory system where the blood flows through the heart and is pumped out to travel all around the body before returning to the heart.

Front 20

sino-atrial node (SAN)

Back 20

region of the heart that initiates a wave of excitation that triggers the contraction of the heart.

Front 21

systole

Back 21

the stage of the cardiac cycle in which the atria contract, followed by the ventricles, forcing blood out of the right side of the heart to the lungs and the left side of the heart to the body.

Front 22

tachycardia

Back 22

a fast heart rhythm of over 100 beats per minute at rest.

Front 23

atrio-ventricular node (AVN)

Back 23

stimulates the ventricles to contract after imposing a slight delay to ensure atrial contraction is complete.

Front 24

closed circulatory system

Back 24

a circulatory system where the blood is enclosed in blood vessels and does not come into direct contact with the cells of the body beyond the blood vessels.

Front 25

carbonic anhydrase

Back 25

enzyme which catalyses the reversible reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid.

Front 26

diastole

Back 26

the stage of the cardiac cycle in which the heart relaxes and the atria and then the ventricles fill with blood.

Front 27

haemolymph

Back 27

the transport medium or ‘blood’ in insects

Front 28

lymph

Back 28

modified tissue fluid that is collected in the lymph system.

Front 29

myogenic

Back 29

muscle which has its own intrinsic rhythm.

Front 30

oncotic pressure

Back 30

the tendency of water to move into the blood by osmosis as a result of the plasma proteins.

Front 31

open circulatory system

Back 31

a circulatory system with a heart but few vessels to contain the transport medium.

Front 32

plasma

Back 32

the main component of blood, a yellow fluid containing many dissolved substances and carrying the blood cells.

Front 33

tissue fluid

Back 33

the solution surrounding the cells of multicellular animals.

Front 34

transport system

Back 34

the system that transports required substances around the body of an organism.

Front 35

cytolysis

Back 35

the bursting of an animal cell caused by increasing hydrostatic pressure as water enters by osmosis.