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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is ATP? |
An immediate energy source |
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Why is ATP so useful? |
Connot pass out of cell Energy released in small ammountd ATP is soluable Involves a single reaction |
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What is respiration? |
A process by which organic molecules are broken down in a series of stages to synthesise ATP |
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Where does Respiration occur? |
Mitochondria |
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Where does Glycolysis take place? |
The cytoplasm |
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Where does the links reaction take place? |
Matrix |
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Where does the Krebs cycle take place? |
Matrix |
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Where does the electron transport chain occur? |
In the mitochondrial membranes |
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What are the two methods of ATP synthesis? |
Substrate phosphorylation- when generated directly Oxidative phosphorylation- ATP generated from chemical energy when a hydrogen carrier has been reduced |
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What does Glycolysis involve? |
Conversion of glucose to pyruvate |
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Explain glycolysis? |
-Glucose is stable so its activated by phosphorylation. This requires hydrolysis of 2 ATP to provide phosphates. -Phosphorylated glucose splits into 2 tp molecules. -Tp is then oxidised to pyruvate this step involves the loss of hydrogen to reduce 2 NADH and ATP is then directly made |
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Explain the link reaction? |
-involves oxidation of the pyruvate. -CO2 is lost -hydrogen is lost reducing NAD to NADH2. -co enzyme A joins to make the product Acetyl CoA |
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Explain Krebs? |
Acetyl Co A joins to a 4 carbon compound to become a 6 carbon compound and the Co enzyme leaves. -CO2 is lost and a molecule of NAD is reduced to create a 5 carbon compound. -CO2 is lost again. 2 NAD are reduced, 1 molecule of FAD is reduced and 1molecule of ATP is made. This forms a 4 carbon molecule |
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Whats important to remember? |
Links and Krebs happens twice so its double the products |
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Explain the electron transport chain? |
-reduced NAD are oxidised losing hydrogen. -the electrons from the hydrogen pass down a series of electron carries in a series of radox reactions -as they pass down, they lose energy. Some of which is used to pump the Hydrogen through the inner membrane into the intermembrane. -some energy is lost as heat. -The H pass back through the inner membrane via ATP synthase as they pass through enough energy is realeased to form ATP. -the electrons and hydrogen are excepted by Oxygen to form water, this is the final electron acceptor |
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Describe areobic respirstion? |
Glycolysis does not require oxygen and can continue in the absence, but NAD must be regenerated. -the H from NADH2 is accepted by pyruvate rather than passing down the electron transport chain. -In animals the pyruvate is reduced to lactate. And in plants ethanol and CO2. -produces less ATP (2) |
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How many ATP molecules from reduced NAD? |
3 |
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How many ATP from FAD? |
2 |
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How many NADH2 made in each stage? |
Glycolysis 2 Link 2 Krebs 6 |
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How much FAD produced |
2 in krebs |
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How much ATP is directly produced? |
Glycolysis 2 Krebs 2
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How much in total per glucose is ATP? |
38 |
