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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does ATP consist of? |
3 phosphate groups A pentose sugar ribose Nitrogenous organic base |
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What is it used for? |
As an energy source in plants and animals for all essential life processes |
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For example ATP is used for.. |
Active transport Muscle contraction Protein synthesis |
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What is ATP formed from? |
ADP and phosphate |
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How does ATP form? |
It requires energy to add a phosphate group to ADP which creates a high energy bond |
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What does ATP break down into? |
ADP and phosphate |
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How does ATP break down? |
The bond between the second and third phosphate breaks releasing large amounts of usable energy |
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Whats the reaction called to form ATP and whats it called to break it down? |
Condensation reaction and the hydrolysis reaction |
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Why is ATP so useful? |
Its soluble Its breaks down in one reaction Energy released in small amounts |
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Whats is NADP? |
A carbon acceptor |
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What does NADP reduce to? |
NADPH |
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What does NADPH provide? |
A reducing power within reactions |
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Define oil rig? |
Oxidation Is Loss of electrons Reduction Is Gain of electrons |
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What is photosynthesis? |
Is the process of which plants absorb light energy and convert it into chemical potential energy |
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Whats the site of photosynthesis? |
The chlorplast |
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Whats the equation for photosynthesis? |
Carbon dioxide + water= oxygen and glucose |
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Where does the light dependant reaction happen? |
In the grana |
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What does the light independant reaction produce? |
ATP and NADPH for use in the light independant reaction |
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Describe the light dependant reaction? |
Light is absorbed by the chlorophyll and the electrons gain energy and become in the high energy state. 2 electrons are then emitted and travel down the electron transport chain of electron carriers in the thylakoid membrane in a series of radox reaction. At each stage the electrons lose energy and this energy is use to form ATP. The electrons lost from the chlorphyll are replaced by the photolysis of H2O |
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Whats the equation for photolysis? |
2H2O = 4H + 4e + O2 |
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Explain photolysis? |
Electrons replace those lost by chlorphyll Hydrogens used to reduce NADP Oxygen is a waste product |
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Where does the light independant reaction take place? |
The stroma |
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What does it require? |
ATP and NADPH |
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What happens with light in the Independant reaction? |
Doesnt require light but absence of light stops the reaction quite rapidly |
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What does the reaction involve? |
The calvin Cycle |
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Describe the light indepenant reaction? |
RuBP acts as a carbon acceptor CO2 reacts with RuBP to form 2 GP molecules GP is reduced to 2 molecules of TP Using NADPH which provides the reducing power and ATP Some TP is converted to carbohydrates ECT and others is used to regenerate RuBP |
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How many carbons is RuBP? |
5C |
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How many carbons in GP and TP |
3 carbons |
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What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis? |
Temperature Carbon dioxide concentration Light intensity |
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How can you improve yeild through a commercial glass house? |
Artificial light to increase light intensity to optimum. Blinds could be used if light intensity too high Carbon dioxide levels increased by burning fossil fuels or pumping CO2 into it Heaters can be used to raise temp also at night to stop temp falling |
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Why does temperature affect the light independant reaction? |
Enzymes involved Slow rate of activity Less kinetic energy, fewe collisions |
