Tim's 7Th Grade Science Chapter 18

Front 1

behavior

Back 1

All the actions an animal performs.

Front 2

instinct

Back 2

Knowing how to do a behavior without being taught.

Front 3

learning

Back 3

The process that leads to a change in behavior based on experience or practice.

Front 4

conditioning

Back 4

Learning to connect some kind of stimulus with a good or bad event.

Front 5

trial-and-error learning

Back 5

Occurs when and animal, through repeated practice, learns to perform a behavior more and more skillfully.

Front 6

insight learning

Back 6

When you solve a problem or learn how to do something new by applying what you already know, without a period of trial and error.

Front 7

artificial learning

Back 7

The capacity of a computer to perform complex tasks such as learning from experience and solving problems.

Front 8

imprinting

Back 8

When newly hatched birds and newborn mammals learn to recognize and follow the first moving object they see, which is usually the mother.

Front 9

What are the functions of most of an animal's behaviors?

Back 9

1. obtain food
2. avoid predators
3. find a mate

Front 10

How does instinctive behavior compare with learned behavior?

Back 10

Learned behavior is not usually perfect the first time, whereas instinctive behavior is perfect the first time.

Front 11

How is trial-and-error learning different from insight learning?

Back 11

Trial-and-error learning is repeating a task to become more skillful, but insight learning is using knowledge you have already learned to solve a new problem.

Front 12

What is an adaptation?

Back 12

It is a trait that enables an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.

Front 13

What is the role of genes in adaptation?

Back 13

They are determined by an organism's genes.

Front 14

True or False
Most adaptations are not traits or characteristics that offspring inherit from their parents.

Back 14

False

Front 15

What do adaptations enable an organism to do?

Back 15

To survive and reproduce in its environment.

Front 16

Why is it easier for some organisms than others to survive when a food item disappears from their environment?

Back 16

An organism that has several different food sources in the environment can substitute another food source for a lost one. An organism that depends on only one source will not be able to survive and reproduce if its food source disappears.

Front 17

What is the function of courtship behavior?

Back 17

To prepare the male and female of the same species to recognize each other so that they can mate and reproduce.

Front 18

aggression

Back 18

A threatening behavior that one animal uses to gain control over another.

Front 19

territory

Back 19

An area that is occupied and defended by an animal or group of animals.

Front 20

society

Back 20

A group of closely related animals of the same species that work together for the benefit of the whole group.

Front 21

circadian rhythms

Back 21

Behavior cycles that occur over a period of approximately one day.

Front 22

hibernation

Back 22

A state of greatly reduced body activity that occurs during the winter.

Front 23

migration

Back 23

The regular, periodic journey of an animal from one place to another and then back again.

Front 24

Identify two ways in which animals benefit from living in groups.

Back 24

Group members protect one another, and work together to find food.

Front 25

What are the two major advantages that animals gain by migrating?

Back 25

a. abundant food
and/or
b. favorable environment for reproduction.

Front 26

A trait that enables an organism to survive and reproduce in an environment is called
a. imprint. b. stimulus.
c. gene. d. adaptation.

Back 26

d. adaptation

Front 27

If you could play the saxophone by instinct, you would
a. play well the first time you tried.
b. need someone to teach you.
c. have to practice frequently.
d. know how to play other instruments.

Back 27

a. play well the first time you tried.

Front 28

When a male and female falcon share an acrobatic flight display, they exhibit
a. learning. b. imprinting.
c. migration. d. courtship behavior.

Back 28

d. courtship behavior

Front 29

Some squirrels sleep all day and are active all night. This is an example of

a. migration. b. hibernation.
c. circadian rhythm d. aggression

Back 29

c. circadian rhythm

Front 30

When a bird travels from its winter home in South America to New York, this is called

a. learning. b. conditioning
c. migration. d. hibernation

Back 30

c. migration

Front 31

True or False

A spider building a web exhibits
learned behavior.

Back 31

False, instinct

Front 32

True or False

Every day after school, you take your diog for a walk. Lately, he greets your arrival with his leash in his mouth. You dog's response is an example of instinct.

Back 32

False, conditioning

Front 33

Closely related animals of the same type work together for the group's benefit in a society.

Back 33

True

Front 34

Salmon return to fresh water to reproduce. This is an example of circadian rhythm.

Back 34

False, instinct