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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a thrombocytopenia?
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decreased platelet count
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what is a thrombocythemia?
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an increased platelet count
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what is a thrombocytopathy?
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abnormal platelet function - they're defective.
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What are some symptoms of platelet abnormalities and bleeding tendencies?
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-Petechiae
-Ecchymoses -Epistxis/GI bleeds/menorrhagia -Bleed after surgery, cerebral |
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What are the 4 types of thrombocytopenia?
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1. Decreased plt production
2. Altered plt distribution 3. Ineffective production 4. Increased destruction |
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What is the most common reason for a thrombocytopenia?
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Increased platelet destruction, usually due to an autoimmune disorder.
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What causes decreased platelets?
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Decreased megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.
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What are 2 reasons for decr. megakaryos in the bmarrow?
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-Marrow aplasia
-Marrow infiltration -when in doubt say drugs! |
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What are 5 spcf reasons you can give for dcr. plt production?
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1. Viral infections
2. MDS 3. PNH 4. May-Hegglin Anomaly 5. Drug/toxin induced. |
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what makes platelet distribution altered?
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Spleen sequestrating the platelets, which occurs in hypersplenism.
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What 2 diseases is spleen sequestration seen?
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-Liver disease
-Portal hypertension |
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What are 3 causes of ineffective thrombopoeisis?
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1. Defective formation
2. Abnormal release to circultn 3. Destruction intramedullary |
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What anemia is intramedullary destruction of plts seen in?
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Vit B12/folate deficiency.
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What are the 2 major categories of increased destruction plts?
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-Immune
-Nonimmune |
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What are 4 types of immune thrombocytopenia?
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1. Autoimmune
2. Alloimmune 3. Drug-related 4. Neonatal infection. |
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For thrombocytopenia, what is: -Primary autoimmune
-2ndary autoimmune |
Primary = ITP = idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura.
2ndary = caused by infections, lupus, etc. |
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What are 2 types of ITP?
In what patients? |
-Acute - children
-Chronic - adults, mostly female |
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What ususally causes ITP?
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-Acute from viral illness
-Chronic from Ab-coated platelets that spleeen destroys |
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What is the treatment for each ITP?
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-Acute/kids is self-limiting
-Chronic, use Cortisol |
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What are symptoms of each ITP?
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-Acute: purpura, ecchymoess, petechiae, mucosal bleeds
-Chronic: insidious onset |
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What are some causes of 2ndary ITP?
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Infections, lupus, refractory anemia, cancer, drugs
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What 4 causes of alloimmmune thrombocytopenias?
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-Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia - mom immunizes fetus.
-After transfusion -make Ab to drug -Heparin-induced (IgG) |
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What are the 3 main categories of non-immune thrombocytopenia?
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-Microangiopathic
-Infection-induced -Hypersplenism |
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What are the 3 types of Microangiopathic?
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DIC, TTP, HUS
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What is TTP? In Who?
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Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura - young women
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What IS DIC?
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Dissemin. Intravasc Coagulopathy
-Simultaneous activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. |
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What types of infections induce thrombocytopenia?
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-Viral
-Rickettsial -Malarial Fungal, protozoan, bacterial. |
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what is pseudothrombocytopenia?
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-Artifact caused by EDTA causing platelet clumps from improper collection.
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Enzyme defect and accumulated product in Gaucher's disease:
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-Beta-glucocerebrosidase
-Glucocerebroside |
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Enzyme defect and accumulated product in Neimann-Pick:
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-Sphingomyelinase
-Sphingomyelin |
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Enzyme defect and accumulated product in sea-blue histiocytosis:
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-Unknown
-Ceroid |
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Enzyme defect and accumulated product in Tay-Sach's
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-Hexosanimidase A
-Gangliosidase GM2 |
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Enzyme defect/accumlated product in Mucopolysaccharidosis:
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Can't break it down
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