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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The Vertebral Artery is the first branch of what artery?
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The subclavian
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How many spinous processes does the atlas have?
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None- only anterior and posterior arches, and anterior and posterior tubericles.
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Odontoid Process
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Found on the axis- also called the dens- articulates with the posterior surface of the anterior arch of C1
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Where is the pars interarticularis?
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B/w the superior and inferior articular processes of vertebrae.
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Intervertebrl foramen is what kind of foramen?
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Artificial- stenosis of intervertebral foramen is a comon cuse of pinched nerves.
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Supraspinous Ligament
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Runs along the most posterior aspect of the spinous processes- also aled the interspinous ligament
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Tectorial Membrane
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The junction of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament with the base of the skull.
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Purpose and location of the cruciate ligament and the alar ligament
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keep C1 and C2 in place- very importnt in limitig cervical motion.
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Name the synovial plane joints in the spine
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Facet joints- or zygapophysial joints
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What innervates the facet joints?
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posteror rami of spinal nerves.
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Nuchal Ligament
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Composed of thickened fibroelastic tissue. Extends from the external occipital protuberance to the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae. Provides muscle attachment for C3-5 vertebrae.
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Where, in relation to the vertebra, does erniation occur?
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herniatin causes nerve impengement on the nerve below the disc.
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Batson's Plexus
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Provides vascualr pathway between pelvis and brain.
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Inferior and superior obliques
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Copose 2/3 of suboccipital triangle- allow for lateral rotation of atlas on axis.
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major and minor rectus posterior rectus capitis muscles
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Compose 1/3 of sub occipital triangle. Allow for extension of the neck and the head.
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Which Dorsal ramus does not have a sensory component?
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C1- it is the only spinal nerve not to have a Dorsal Root Ganglion.
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Suboccipital Triangle
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Composed of the Inferior oblique muscle, the superior oblique muscle, and the rectus posterior major muscle. stabilizes the atlas and axis to the occipital bone.
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Erector Spinae Muscles
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Illiocostalis, Longissimus thoracis, and the Spinalis thoracis
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Transversospinalis group
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Semispinalis capitis, Semispinalis Cervicis, and the Semispinlis Thoracis
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Deepest Back Muscles
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Rotatores, Multifidus, Levator costalis
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Components of the Central Nervous System
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Brain and Spinal Cord
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Component of the Peripheral Nervous System
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12 prs of crnial nerves
31 prs of spinal nerves |
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Distribution of spinal nerves
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8 Cervical
12 Thoracic 5 Lumbar 5 Sacral 1 Coccygal |
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Somatic Nervous System
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Controls the body other than the internl organs
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Visceral Nervous System
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Controls the vital organs
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Neuron Structure
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Dendrites- take electrochemical signal to cell body
Soma- Cell bod containing the nucleus Axon- Takes electrochemical impulse away from cell body Myelin Sheath- Increases conductivity and impulse velocity |
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Termination of Spinal Cord
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L2
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Termination of Dural Sac
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S2
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Relationship of cervical nerves to vertebra
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Superior
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Relationship of all other nerves to vertebra
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inferior
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Ganglion
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Collection of neurons outside of the CNS
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Ventral Horn of spinal cord
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Motor Neurons
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Dorsal Horn of spinal cord
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sensory neurons
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Lateral Horn of spinal cord
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found between T1- L2- cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons.
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Wht do autonomic motor neurons control?
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smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands (all involuntary)
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Spinal Nerve Portions
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Doral Root (Sensory)- Dorsal Root ganglia
Division- into dorsal and venral rami Ventral ramus- subdivides into sympathetic ganglion via rami communicntes |
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Sympathetic Ganglion Characteristics
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T1-L2- grey and white rami communicntes all others just GREY
Contain synapse |
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What do ventral rami inervate?
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Limbs
Supply eerything BUT deep back muscles, skin of the back Form plexuses |
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Afferent
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Sensory
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Efferent
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Motor
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Somatic
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Outer
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Visceral
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inner
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General
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Wide Distrbution
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Special
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Restricted Distribution
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All Spinal Nerves have all 4 General Functions
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GSE- Skeletal Muscle motor neurons
GVE- Autonomic Nervous Sstem (Takes 2 Neurons) GVA- Sensations from internal organs (goes through dorsal root ganglion) GSA- Supplies skin/ligaments |
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Define Dermatome
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Strips of skin supplied by spinal nerves
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Plexus Formation
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Ventral Rami of multiple spinal nerves combine and then divide.
Any branch of a plexus has multiple spinal nerves. |
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Dura Mater
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Tough Outer coating of Spinal Cord
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Arachnoid Mater
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Spider web- like membrane located inside of dura mater
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Pia Mater
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Closely adheres t the spinal cord
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Denticulate Ligaments
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Composed of Pia Mater
Anchor spinal cord laterally to neural canal Separates dorsal root from ventral root |
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Subarachnoid space
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located between arachnoid mater and pia mater, contains spinal fluid
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Subderma space
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Potential space (contains nothing) between derma mater and arachnoid mater
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Epidural Space
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Located outside of the dura mater, contains fat and veins (Batson's plexus)
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Site of Lumbar puncture
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Between L2 and S2 Tufflier's line (iliac crests)
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