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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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state the zeroth law of thermodynamics |
if two objects are i in thermal equilibrium with a third object then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. |
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Define internal energy |
the internal energy of a system is the sum of the random distribution of kinetic and potential energies of its atoms or molecules. |
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how can you increase the internal energy of an object? |
heat it or do work on it by compressing it |
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formula for increase in internal energy? |
increase in internal energy= energy supplied by heating + energy supplied by doing work change in U=q+w |
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what do you call the energy that's flowing from hotter to cooler region? |
thermal energy |
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what is 1 degree Celsius in kelvin? |
1 C = -273.15 K |
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thermodynamic scale is an absolute scale that does not depend on material, what are it's two fixed points? |
1) absolute zero 0 K 2) triple point of water , 273.16K, 0.01 C |
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how to set up an empirical scale of temp for the thermometer? |
first take value of thermometric property at 2 fixed points then dividing the range of values into a number of equal steps |
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formula for empirical centigrade scale? |
theta = 100(P theta - Pi)/ (Ps - Pi) |
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formula and definition of specific heat capacity? |
E=mctheta The specific heat capacity of a substance is the energy required per unit mass of the substance to raise the temperature by 1K |
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Define specific latent heat |
The specific latent heat of a substance is the energy required per kilogram of the substance to change its state without any change in temperature |
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formula for specific latent heat? |
E= mL |
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what is the value for specific latent heat of fusion of water and specific latent heat of vaporisation of water? |
330kJ/kg 2.26 MJ/kg |
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how does PE relate to separation,r? |
PE directly proportional to -1/r |
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does the temperature measure the thermal energy of an object? |
no, same material with different masses with the same temp will have different amount of thermal energy when a substance boils or melts , heat is input but the temp does not change |
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what are the weaknesses for celsius scale? |
fixed points are depended on material used, atm,impurities has negative value each property vary differently and not linearly diff thermometer give diff reading at same temp |
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if we double the kinetic energy , does the speed of the particles double? |
no it increases by a factor of square root 2, cuz ke is directly related to v^2 |
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what is the vacuum jacket round the heater coil in the continuous flow calorimeter for? |
to reduce heat loss |
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sources of error when determining latent heat fusion of ice in experiment? |
small chunks of partly melted ice pass through the funnel some energy lost into the air due to bad contact between heater and ice |
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what are the sources of error in determination of latent heat of vaporisation of water? |
splashes of water when the water boils drops of water condensing higher up on the immersion heater and dripping bck down energy lost to the surroundings |
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what is the first law of thermodynamics? |
the increase of internal energy is equal to the heat supplied and the work done on the system |
