Theme 11

Front 1

What is Theme 11 about?

Back 1

Theme 11 is about Displays, Controls and Cumulative Trauma Disorders

Front 2

What are some of the learning outcomes for theme 11?

Back 2

1. Define, and explain how information is conveyed through displays

2. Name and discuss the information conveyed through displays

3. define and discuss controls as well as giving examples of controls

4. Explain the legal requirements of controls and machinery in the workplace

Front 3

What are other learning outcomes of Theme 11?

Back 3

5. Define ergonomical principles of design of controls

6. Explain factors important in identifying controls

7. Discuss design and transparency in regard to specific controls

8. What are the design requirements for tools?

Front 4

What other learning outcomes are taught in Theme 11?

Back 4

9. Define, give synonyms, and asses the risk factors relating to Cumulative trauma Disorder (CTD)

10. Discuss and name the occupational and non-occupational risk factor for Carpel Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)

Front 5

What are displays?

Back 5

Displays are man made, custom made, presentations of information

Front 6

What did man create displays?

Back 6

Displays were created by man for information that can not be directly perceived and recalled and for information that needs to be communicated or shared

Front 7

Information will be conveyed through displays when:

Back 7

• Stimuli is at or below threshold values and needs to be amplified

• Stimuli needs reduction for adequate sensing

• Stimuli needs to be sensed with greater precision so that people can discriminate

• Information about events of circumstanced by their nature need to be displayed

Front 8

What kind of information is conveyed by displays?

Back 8

1. Quantitative

2. Qualitative

3. Status

4. Warnings/Signals

5. Representational, Alpha-Numerical and Symbolic

6. Identification, time-phase

Front 9

What is Quantitative Data?

Back 9

A representation that reflects quantitative data in the form of values or variables. This can often be in the form of statistics

Front 10

What is Qualitative Data?

Back 10

Qualitative data reflects information approximates through i.e. values, trends, rates of change, directions of change, and other changing variables

Front 11

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative information?

Back 11

Qualitative information can be reflected in patterns that move beyond structure and basic math whereas qualitative numbers are generally static and move within the parameters of maths and statistics

Front 12

What is meant with status in the context of information display?

Back 12

Here we refer to information of, i.e traffic lights, stop and go signs and light switches. These examples all have in common the fact that show the status of a preceding event or situation

Front 13

What are warning and signals in the context of displays?

Back 13

these are reflections that represent emergency or unsafe conditions. Examples would be those of police blue lights, lighthouse light beams, or displays on your can signalling low fuel or engine issues

Front 14

What is Representational information in the context of displays?

Back 14

These are often pictorial or graphic representations of objects, areas or configurations. e.g. maps, blueprints, manuals

Front 15

What are alphanumeric, and symbolic information?

Back 15

These display presentations of verbal, numerical and related coded information i.e. numbers, musical notations. letters

Front 16

What is identification information?

Back 16

This is a display of presentations used to identify some static condition, situation or object i.e. a traffic sign, or a traffic direction informing of a road blockage and detour

Front 17

What is Time-Phase information?

Back 17

Time phase information is a display presentation of pulsed time-phased signals. This is, i.e. Morse code

Front 18

What is a control?

Back 18

A control facilitates the transmission of users ideas or decisions to machines/mechanisms/systems

Front 19

What types of controls does one get?

Back 19

1. Activation

2. Discrete Settings

3. Continuous settings

4. continuous control

5. data entry

6. tools

Front 20

What is Activation?

Back 20

This is the activation of a certain status of a system/machine i.e. flicking a light switch activates the light

(this is the most basic form of doing something with a control)

Front 21

What is Discrete settings?

Back 21

This means to separate pre-existing positions of an entity. For example, changing songs on your CD in your car radio (this incorporates the use of activating controls and is in basic in its functionality)

Front 22

What is continuous settings?

Back 22

This is when utilizes finer settings on more complex equipment like setting the channel of your radio which uses specific controls and not just one (this is a more complex form of using controls and required both discrete and activation)

Front 23

What is continuous control?

Back 23

This is the continuous application of a control like using the steering wheel or continuously pressing on the accelerator to move forward.

Front 24

What is Data entry?

Back 24

This is where controls are used to put information into a system, i.e. a keyboard

Front 25

What are Tools?

Back 25

Tools are equipment with functions i.e. hammer, drill etc.

Front 26

What are the legal requirements of the use of controls and equipment?

Back 26

In the Occupational health and Safety Act No.85/1993, Article 8 (2) states in reference to a working environment that is safe and without risk that:

a. the provision and maintenance of systems of work, plant and machinery that, as far as is reasonably practical, are safe and without risk

Front 27

When identifying controls take note of

Back 27

1. Position. Use a standard location and provide sufficient spacing, place well within reach

2. Shape and Size. This is the easiest was to distinguish between different controls

3. Labels and colour

Front 28

What factors need to be taken into account when designing specific controls?

Back 28

1. Compatibility

2. Action Mapping

Front 29

What factors need to be taken into account when designing hand tools?

Back 29

1. wrists must be kept straight

2. It needs to be adjustable for subgroups

3. It must avoid repetition of powerful movements that require the use of limbs/muscles

Front 30

What should we know about keyboards in the controls and ergonomical context?

Back 30

1. wrists should slope upwards and not be lazy leaning on the keyboard - this requires extra work done by the fingers

2. wrists should be straight as well apposed to the twist for direction

Front 31

What are the effects of using badly designed controls?

Back 31

1. Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD)

2. Carpel Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)

Front 32

What is Cumulative Trauma Disorder or Repetitive strain injury?

Back 32

This disease is caused by the repetitive motion of the hand, fingers and wrist in nearly any industry of work. There are a large number of employees that develop this disease (RSI)

Anyone working at a computer is at risk for this, or the later developing, Carpel Tunnel Syndrome

Front 33

What can cause these diseases? What are some of the occupational risk factors?

Back 33

1. Repetition of movements and poor typing techniques stress the tendons

2. Working in awkward hand positions for to long pinches nerve groups

3. Lack of recovery time or rest breaks for long task durations

4. Excessive manual force

5. high rates of manual repetition

6. static loads

Front 34

So what exactly is defined as Cumulative Trauma Disorder or Repetitive Strain Injury (CTD or RSI)

Back 34

if is a chronic injury resulting from repetitive exertions of a body limb/segment.. a series of micro traumas occurring over a period of time with cumulative effects

Front 35

What types of Cumulative trauma Disorders do you get?

Back 35

1. tendon disorders (Tendinitis)

2. Nerve entrapment disorders (CTS)

3. Neurovascular disorders (white finger disease)

Front 36

What causes Carpel Tunnel Syndrome?

Back 36

It is caused by a number of occupational and non-occupational factors

Front 37

What are some of the Occupational factors?

for Carpel Tunnel Syndrom

Back 37

1. repetitiveness

2. Force (of exertion)

3. Posture

Front 38

What are some of the Non-occupational factors? for Carpel Tunnel Syndrom

Back 38

1. Family history

2. Pregnancy, because of water retention

3. Medication

4. Gender (females are more susceptible)

5. Trauma

6. Vitamin B deficiency

Front 39

What is the definition for Carpel Tunnel Syndrome??

Back 39

The tight canal or tunnel on ones wrist allows tendons and nerves to pass through from the arm to the hand, and vice versa. This nerve that passes through is known as the Median Nerve and when this nerve is affected or restricted, it can result in Carpel Tunnel Syndrome

Front 40

What are the symptoms of Carpel Tunnel Syndrome?

Back 40

1. Sensation of Pain

2. Numbness

3. Tingling inn one or both hands

4. general clumsiness and inability to grasp and hold objects

5. Reduction in grip strength, range of motion and performance time

Front 41

BlackBerry Thumb

Back 41

This is a neologism that refers to the RSI experiences from the use of BlackBerry button presses

There are synonyms like Nintendinitius, Playstation Thumb