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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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On what does the facial appearance of any person depend?
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Partly on the underlying size and shape of the skull, which is the skeleton of the head and face, and the muscles attached to it.
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Which is the only bone in the skull that can move?
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The mandible of the jaw.
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How many bones in the skull?
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21 bones fused together by adulthood, only the mandible of the jaw can move.
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How many of the 22 bones in the skull are paired?
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8
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How many of the 22 bones in the skull are unpaired?
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5
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What are the areas of fusion known as?
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Sutures
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Does the infant skull differ from the adult?
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Yes. It is larger in comparison with the rest of the body.
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How does the infant skull differ from the adult skull. Explain
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Infant sutures are very wide at birth and allow "molding" or shaping of the skull for a damage-free passage through the birth canal.
During the first 18 months of life the gaps can be felt in certain places, especially the diamond-shaped anterior fontanelle at the junction of the frontal and parietal bones. Another space between the occipital and parietal bones can be felt during a baby's first 2 months. Sometimes, in disease, the bones fuse together too soon or stay apart too long. |
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Where is the diamond-shaped fontanelle on a baby's skull situated?
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At the junction of the frontal and parietal bones.
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There is another space that can be felt on a baby's skull during its first 2 months. Where is it situated?
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Between the occipital and parietal bones
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Where are the 'gaps' on a baby's head situated that can be felt during the first 18 months?
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Diamond-shaped anterior fontanelle at the junction of the frontal and parietal bones.
Between the occipital and parietal bones (during baby's first 2 months) |
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What is the only movable joint in the head?
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Temporomandibular
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Where does the mandible (lower jaw) form a hinge with the temporal bone?
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Temporomandibular
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Which is the only movable joint in the head?
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The only movable joint in the head is the temporomandibular
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Where does the mandible (lower jaw) form a hinge with the temporal bone?
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At the temporomandibular, the only movable joint in the head.
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Give another name for lower jaw.
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Mandible
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What is the maxilla?
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Part of the upper jaw.
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In how many planes can the temporomandibular move? Explain.
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It can move in three planes, placing the jaw up, down, backward and forward as well as side to side.
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How many specialized openings are there in the skull and what are they for?
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3 specialized openings in the skull for ears, eyes and nose.
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Where do the eyes nestle?
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In the orbital cavity, which is protected by a bony rim.
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What would happen if you get a blow to the eye?
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Blows to the eye may fracture the zygomatic bone and maxilla (part of the upper jaw) rather than injure the eye itself.
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Describe the nose?
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The nose has a root and roof of bone.
The lower third-the nostrils-is soft and composed of cartilage. |
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What is the only way to stop a nose bleed?
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The only way to compress the blood vessels and stop the flow is by pinching this soft part.
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Take notice!
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In order to lighten the facial bones, parts are hollowed out into air sinuses (frontal and maxillary), which are common sites of infection (sinusitis).
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What is the largest cavity in the skull, what is its function?
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The largest cavity in the skull contains and protects the brain.
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Where does the spinal column leave the skull?
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The spinal column leaves the skull through the foramen magnum
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Do both jaws carry an equal number of teeth?
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Yes
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How many milk (deciduous) teeth in a child?
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20
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Both jaws carry an equal number of teeth. There are 20 milk (deciduous) teeth in a child. How do they appear?
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These appear in a set sequence from about 6 months and begin to be replaced by permanent teeth from 6 years.
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By what age does a complete set of 32 teeth appear?
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By 17-21 years the complete set of 32 has appeared with the presence of the third molar or “wisdom” tooth.
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Explain how many teeth an adult has each quarter of his jaw?
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Each quarter of an adult jaw has two incisors for cutting,
one canine for tearing, and two premolars (2 cusps) together with 3 molars (3 or 4 cusps) for grinding. |
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Describe a tooth shortly
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Every tooth has a root in a socket under the gum, a small neck at gum level and a crown, varying in shape according to its function.
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Of what are crowns composed ?
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Crowns are composed of exceptionally hard dentine, covered in shining, protective enamel.
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Both jaws carry an equal number of teeth. There are 20 milk (deciduous) teeth in a child. How do they appear?
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These appear in a set sequence from about 6 months and begin to be replaced by permanent teeth from 6 years.
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By what age does a complete set of 32 teeth appear?
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By 17-21 years the complete set of 32 has appeared with the presence of the third molar or “wisdom” tooth.
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Explain how many teeth an adult has each quarter of his jaw?
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Each quarter of an adult jaw has two incisors for cutting,
one canine for tearing, and two premolars (2 cusps) together with 3 molars (3 or 4 cusps) for grinding. |
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Describe a tooth shortly
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Every tooth has a root in a socket under the gum, a small neck at gum level and a crown, varying in shape according to its function.
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Of what are crowns composed ?
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Crowns are composed of exceptionally hard dentine, covered in shining, protective enamel.
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Which is the only movable joint in the head?
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The only movable joint in the head is the temporomandibular
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Where does the mandible (lower jaw) form a hinge with the temporal bone?
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At the temporomandibular, the only movable joint in the head.
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Give another name for lower jaw.
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Mandible
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What is the maxilla?
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Part of the upper jaw.
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In how many planes can the temporomandibular move? Explain.
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It can move in three planes, placing the jaw up, down, backward and forward as well as side to side.
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Name the cranial bones
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Parietals
Temporals Frontal Occipital Sphenoid Ethmoid |
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Name the facial bones
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Lacrimals
Nasals Zygomatics Maxillae Palatines Inferior Nasal Conchae Vomer Mandible Hyoid |
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Name the cranial bones
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Parietals
Temporals Frontal Occipital Sphenoid Ethmoid |
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Name the facial bones
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Lacrimals
Nasals Zygomatics Maxillae Palatines Inferior Nasal Conchae Vomer Mandible Hyoid |
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Where do the eyes nestle?
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In the orbital cavity, which is protected by a bony rim.
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What would happen if you get a blow to the eye?
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Blows to the eye may fracture the zygomatic bone and maxilla (part of the upper jaw) rather than injure the eye itself.
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Describe the nose?
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The nose has a root and roof of bone.
The lower third-the nostrils-is soft and composed of cartilage. |
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What is the largest cavity in the skull, what is its function?
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The largest cavity in the skull contains and protects the brain.
The spinal column leaves the skull through the foramen magnum. |
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Do both jaws carry an equal number of teeth. How do they appear?
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Yes.
There are 20 milk (deciduous) teeth in a child. These appear in a set sequence from about 6 months and begin to be replaced by permanent teeth from 6 years. By 17-21 years the complete set of 32 has appeared with the presence of the third molar or “wisdom” tooth. |
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Describe the tooth.
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Each quarter of an adult jaw has:
2 incisors for cutting, 1 canine for tearing, and 2 premolars (2 cusps) together with 3 molars (3 or 4 cusps) for grinding. Every tooth has: a root in a socket under the gum, a small neck at gum level and a crown, varying in shape according to its function. |
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What are crowns composed of?
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Crowns are composed of exceptionally hard dentine, covered in shining, protective enamel.
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What does the tooth cavity contain?
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BLOOD VESSELS and NERVES, damage to which gives rise to a toothache
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Describe the tooth.
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Each quarter of an adult jaw has:
2 incisors for cutting, 1 canine for tearing, and 2 premolars (2 cusps) together with 3 molars (3 or 4 cusps) for grinding. Every tooth has: a root in a socket under the gum, a small neck at gum level and a crown, varying in shape according to its function. |
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What are crowns composed of?
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Crowns are composed of exceptionally hard dentine, covered in shining, protective enamel.
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What does the tooth cavity contain?
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BLOOD VESSELS and NERVES, damage to which gives rise to a toothache
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Describe the parietal bones location on the skull
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top and side of head
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List any distinctive features of the parietals bones.
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A major cranial bone that forms part of the top, back, and side of the head and roughly covers the parietal lobe of the brain
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Describe the temporal bones location on the skull
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Side of the head, above the ear
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List any distinctive features of the temporal bones.
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a cranial bone on the side of the head that roughly covers the temporal lobe of the brain; it extends down behind the ear towards the jaw
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Describe the location of the frontal bones on the skull
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top of face (forehead) and front top of head
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List any distinctive features of the frontal bones.
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One of the major cranial bones that forms the forehead and front top of the head; roughly covers the frontal lobes of the brain
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Describe the location of the occipital bone forming part of the eye cavity on the skull?
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Lower rear of the head
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List any distinctive features of the occipital bone.
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A major cranial bone at the lower back of the head; covers occipital lobe of the brain
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Describe the location of the sphenoid bone on the skull?
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temple
& eye orbit area |
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List any distinctive features of the sphenoid bone
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a cranial bone that forms part of the eye cavity
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Describe the location of the ethmoid bone on the skull?
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eye cavity
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List any distinctive features of the ethmoid bone.
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a cranial bone forming part of the eye cavity
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Name the paired cranial bones?
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Parietals
Temporals |
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Describe the lacrimal bone’s location on the skull?
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inner corner of eye socket
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List any distinctive features of the lacrimal bone
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a small bone forming a cavity for the tear gland
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Describe the Nasal bone’s location on the skull
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nose
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List any distinctive features of the Nasal bone
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forms the upper part of the nose and nasal bridge; the lower part of the bridge is formed of cartilage
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Describe the zygomatics bone’s location on the skull
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Cheek
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List any distinctive features of the zygomatic bone
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Principal cheek bone;
origin of zygomatic and other facial muscles |
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List any distinctive features of the maxillae bone
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the two maxillae form the center of the face with many attaching muscles; carry the upper teeth; form part of the eye orbit; act like keystones into which the other facial bones fit
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Describe the palatine bone’s location on the skull
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This bone is located in the back part of the nasal cavity.
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List any distinctive features of the palatines bone
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The palatine bone functions in protection of organs in the region
and the formation of the roof of the mouth and floor of the eye socket. |
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Describe the inferior nasal conchae bone’s location on the skull
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nasal cavity
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List any distinctive features of the inferior nasal conchae of the bone
formations creating part of the nasal cavity |
The nasal bones consists of two bones located near the middle of the face that come together to form the bridge of the nose.
These bones vary in size from individual to individual. Each nasal bone consists of two surfaces, the outer and inner surfaces, and four borders. The nasal bone functions in support of the nose and formation of the nose bridge. Furthermore, the nasal bone touches four other bones: the frontal, the ethmoid, the maxilla, and the opposite nasal bone. |
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Describe the vomer bone’s location on the skull
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The vomer is a thin, quadrilateral shaped bone located at the base of the nasal cavity.
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List any distinctive features of the vomer bone
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a facial bone on the centerline of the nose that forms part of the nasal cavity
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Describe the mandible bone’s location on the skull
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lower part of jaw
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List any distinctive features of the mandible bone
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The lower jaw bone is the only skull bone that moves, i.e., during mastication, speech, and expression; carries the lower teeth
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Describe the hyoid bone’s location on the skull
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The hyoid bone (lingual bone) is a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage
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Give another name for the hyoid bone
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lingual bone
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List any distinctive features of the hyoid bone
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The hyoid is anchored by muscles from the anterior, posterior, and inferior directions and aids in tongue movement and swallowing.
The hyoid bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind. |
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What is the osteology term for Cranium?
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• Cranium
The cranium of the skull comprises all of the bones of the skull except for the mandible. |
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What is the osteology term for skull?
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• Skull
The skull refers to all of the bones that comprise the head. |
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What is the osteology term for calvaria?
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• Calvaria
The calvaria refers to the cranium without the facial bones attached. |
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What is the osteology term for calotte?
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• Calotte
The calotte consists of the calvaria from which the base has been removed. |
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What is the osteology term for splanchocranium?
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• Splanchocranium
The splanchocranium refers to the facial bones of the skull. |
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What is the osteology term for neurocranium?
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• Neurocranium
The neurocranium refers only to the braincase of the skull. |
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What is the osteology term for endocranial?
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• Endocranial
Refers to the interior of the braincase. |
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What is the osteology term for axial?
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• Axial
Refers to the head and trunk (vertebrae, ribs and sternum) of the body. |
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What is the osteology term for suture?
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• Suture
The saw-like edge of a cranial bone that serves as joint between bones of the skull. |
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What is the osteology term for aperture?
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• Aperture
An opening or space between bones or within a bone. |
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What is the osteology term for cavity?
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• Cavity
An open area or sinus within a bone or formed by two or more bones. |
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What is the osteology term for condyle?
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• Condyle
A rounded enlargement or process possessing an artculating surface. |
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What is the osteology term for fissure?
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• Fissure
A narrow slit or gap. |
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What is the osteology term for foramen?
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• Foramen
A hole in a bone usually for the transmission of blood vessels and/or nerves. |
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What is the osteology term for fossa?
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• Fossa
A pit, depression, or concavity, on a bone, or formed from several bones. |
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What is the osteology term for process?
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• Process
A general term describing any marked projection or prominence. |
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What is the osteology term for spinous?
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• Spinous
Descriptive of a sharp, slender process. |
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What is the osteology term for tubercle?
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• Tubercle
A small process or bump, an eminence. |
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What is the osteology term for tuberosity?
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• Tuberosity
A large rounded process or eminence. |
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What is the anatomical term for:
• Mid-sagittal plane |
The imaginary plane that transects the the body along the mid-point into mirrored left and right sides
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What is the anatomical term for:
• Anterior |
A relative term meaning nearer the front of the body, in a biped it also means ventral.
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What is the anatomical term for:
• Posterior |
A relative term meaning nearer the back of the body, in a biped it also means dorsal.
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What is the anatomical term for:
• Inferior |
The relative term meaning below or of the lower portion of the body.
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What is the anatomical term for:
• Superior |
The relative term meaning nearer the top or of the upper portion of the body.
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What is the anatomical term for:
• Proximal |
A relative term indicating a point nearer the trunk or axial skeleton, a point nearer the mid-sagittal plane.
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What is the anatomical term for:
• Distal |
A relative term indicating a point that lies farther from the trunk or away from the mid-sagittal plane.
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What is the anatomical term for:
• Medial |
The relative term indicating a point lying nearer the mid-sagittal plane.
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What is the anatomical term for:
• Lateral |
The relative term indicating a point lying farther from the mid-sagittal plane or the midline of the body.
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What is the anatomical term for:
• Lateral |
The relative term indicating a point lying farther from the mid-sagittal plane or the midline of the body.
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What is the anatomical term for:
• Lingual |
Areas nearer the tongue or oral cavity
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What is the anatomical term for:
• Labial |
Areas nearer the lips or cheeks.
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