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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why is there increased risk of infection in some women post c-section? (3) |
1. Overweight 2. Aged under 20 3. Operation performed by a more junior doctor than a consultant |
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What is a wound? (2) |
1. Damage or disruption to the normal anatomical structure and function of the skin 2. Injury to living tissue - loss of continuity of the epithelium with or without loss of underlying connective tissue eg. muscle, nerve, bone |
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Name the 6 classifications of wounds (6) |
1. Intentional 2. Accidental 3. Partial Thickness 4. Full Thickness 5. Closed Wound 6. Open Wound |
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What is an intentional wound? (1) |
Surgical incision - usually has smooth clear edges |
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What is an accidental wound? (1) |
Stag wound, burns - usually have jagged edges |
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What is a partial thickness type of wound? (1) |
Disruption of the epidermis and dermis |
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What is a full thickness type of wound? (1) |
Disruption of epidermal, dermal and subcutaneous layers. Muscle and bone may also be involved |
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What is a closed wound? (1) |
No break in the skin continually e.g. direct blow, twisting |
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What is an open wound? (1) |
A break in the skin or mucous membrane |
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What is an acute wound? (3) |
1. A wound that repairs itself and proceeds following a timely and orderly healing pathway 2. The end result is functional and anatomical restoration 3. Time course of healing usually ranges from 5-10 days or within 30 days |
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What is a chronic wound? (2) |
1. A wound that has not healed within 6 weeks 2. Usually failure to go through the orderly and timely processes to produce healing and promote skin integrity |
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What is wound healing? (1) |
An attempt by the body to maintain normal structure and function |
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How does wound healing occur? (4) |
1. Regeneration - injured cells replaced by cells of some type leaving no trace of injury - epidermis 2. Replacement - connective tissue formed which leaves a scar - dermis |
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What is the basic healing process? (1) |
Involves the formation of new epithelium and the contraction of underlying granulation tissue to form a scar |
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Identify 7 features of primary intention (7) |
1. Primary closure 2. Includes surgical wounds/trauma 3. Heals with edges well approximates and a minimum of granulation tissue 4. Usually sutured with rapid healing 5. Minimal scarring that decreases over time 6. Usually involves haemostasis 7. Not suitable for wounds with foreign bodies in or chronic wounds |
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Identify 6 features of secondary intention (6) |
1. Wound edges are apart eg. ulcers, burns 2. Greater amount of tissue is lost or damaged so cannot approximate 3. Exudate may require removing 4. Increased risk of infection 5. Heals more slowly 6. Produces more scar tissue |
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Identify 6 features of tertiary intention (6) |
1. Combination of primary and secondary intention 2. Not commonly used 3. Edges are approximated at a later date 4. Used when primary closure is undesirable (poor blood supply, infection) 5. Wound undergoes some degree of granulation which halts once wound is closed 6. Sutures can be inserted at time of surgery and then secured later |
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What are the 5 features of inflammation? (5) |
1. Redness 2. Swelling 3. Heat 4. Pain 5. Loss of function |
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Identify 3 inflammatory chemicals (3) |
1. Histamine 2. Prostaglandins 3. Leukotrienes |
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How do the inflammatory chemicals work? (4) |
1. Dilate arterioles 2. Increase capillary permeability 3. Attract leucocytes to area of injury 4. Induce pain by directly stimulating nociceptors |
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What are nociceptors? (1) |
A nociceptor is a sensory neuron that responds to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli by sending “possible threat” signals to the spinal cord and the brain |
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What is hyperaemia? (1) |
Redness and heat - excess of blood in the vessels |
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Which two types of cells are attracted to the area as part of inflammatory response? (2) |
1. Neutrophils 2. Macrophages |
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What are the benefits of inflammation? (4) |
1. Prevents the spread of damaging agents 2. Removes debris and pathogens 3. Sets the stage for the next stages of healing 4. Fluid exudate |
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What is fluid exudate and what does it allow for? (6) |
1. A mass of cells and fluid that has seeped out of blood vessels or an organ 2. Allows for dilution of toxins 3. Entry of antibodies 4. Transport of drugs 5. Delivery of nutrients and O2 6. Stimulation of the immune response |
