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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many skeletal muscles are needed in the body to facilitate movement? |
over 600 |
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through what form do muscles work? |
Contraction and relaxation |
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What percentage of body weight is muscle? |
40% |
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How are muscles joined onto bone? |
Tendons |
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Other than movement, what is another function of weight? |
Generate heat through metabolism |
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What are the 4 principle characteristics of muscle? |
Excitability Contractibility Extensibility Elasticity |
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Describe excitability in muscles |
the ability of a muscle to receive and respond to stimuli that will initiate a nerve impulse |
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Describe contractibility in muscles |
the ability to shorten or thicken, or contract, when a sufficient stimulus is received |
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Describe extensibility in muscles |
the ability of muscle tissue to stretch |
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Describe elasticity in muscles |
the ability of the muscle to return to its original shape |
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Through contraction, muscles performs 3 important functions, what are they? |
motion maintenance of posture heat production |
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What are the 3 types of muscle? |
Skeletal Smooth Cardiac |
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Cardiac muscle is only found where? |
Atria, Ventricles |
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Describe some characteristics of cardiac muscle |
it's an involuntary muscle because conscious thought does not control its contractions specialized cardiac muscle cells maintain a consistent heart rate |
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Where is smooth muscle is found? |
throughout the body, including visceral (internal) organs, blood vessels and glands |
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What part does smooth muscle play in the digestive tract? |
Smooth muscle is involuntary, it's extensively used in the digestive tract to create peristalsis (wave like contractions) that aids in food digestion and transport |
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What role does skeletal muscle play in the body? |
skeletal muscle is a system pairs of muscle that relax and contract to move a joint |
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Why do skeletal muscle have muscle tone? |
They remain partly contracted to help maintain body posture and remain ready for physical activity |
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What are skeletal muscles doing when they move? |
Skeletal muscles are made of many smaller muscle fibers that slide across each other |
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What does the relaxed muscle look like? |
long and thin |
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What does a contracted muscle look like? |
short and thick |
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What is it called when set of muscles work together to facilitate movement? |
Antagonistic pairs |
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What is the definition of flexor |
The flexor is the muscle in each pair which contracts to bend the joint (e.g. biceps) |
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What is the definition of extensor |
the extensor is the muscle in each pair which contracts to straighten the joint |
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What is the term used when total muscle tone is lost |
flaccid, this can happen through nerve damage or disease such as muscular dystrophy |
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If muscles do not receive impulses or remain unused for long periods of time, what happens to the muscle? |
They first become flaccid and then begin to atrophy, which is a state of wasting away. |
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The source of muscle energy comes from a process called respiration, describe respiration |
The energy for contractions comes from breaking down glucose. |
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What are the 2 types of respiration |
Anaerobic and aerobic |
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Describe Aerobic respiration |
Muscles are receiving a continuous flow of oxygen and glucose to the muscles and waste is removed This gives the body the most amount of energy rich ATP |
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Describe anaerobic respiration |
Occurs during rapid strenuous activity Oxygen demands aren't met so the body produces small amounts of ATP with lactic acid building up which tires the muscles Lactic acid eventual stops muscles working |
