The Great Depression

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Protectionism

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The theory or practice of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports.

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Shanty Towns

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A deprived area on the outskirts of a town consisting of large numbers of shanty dwellings.

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Dust Bowl

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An area of Oklahoma and other prairie states of the US affected by severe soil erosion in the early 1930s.

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New Deal

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A group of government programs and policies established under President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s; the New Deal was designed to improve conditions for persons suffering in the Great Depression.

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Agricultural Adjustment Act

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A United States federal law of the New Deal era which reduced agricultural production by paying farmers subsidies not to plant on part of their land and to kill off excess livestock. Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus and therefore effectively raise the value of crops.

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African American

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A black American.

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Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

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The total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year.

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Cash Carry

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In a retail context, the term has a similar meaning: customers pay cash for the goods they purchase and carry them away themselves

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Hawley-Smoot Tariff 1930

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The Tariff Act of 1930 (codified at 19 U.S.C. ch. 4), otherwise known as the Smoot–Hawley Tariff or Hawley–Smoot Tariff, was an act sponsored by Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis C. Hawley and signed into law on June 17, 1930, that raised U.S. tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods to record levels.

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Soup Kitchens

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A place where free food is served to those who are homeless or destitute.

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Direct Relief

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Worked to help people who confront enormous hardship to recover from disasters and improve the quality of their lives .

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Glass-Steagall Act

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An act the U.S. Congress passed in 1933 as the Banking Act, which prohibited commercial banks from participating in the investment banking business.

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Civilian Conservation Corps

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A public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men from relief families as part of the New Deal. Originally for young men ages 18–23, it was eventually expanded to young men ages 17–28.

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Works Progress Administration (WPA)

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Headed by Harry Hopkins, the WPA provided jobs and income to the unemployed during the Great Depression in the United States. Between 1935 and 1943, the WPA provided almost eight million jobs.

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Unemployment

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The state of being unemployed (without a job).

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Tennessee Valley Authority

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U.S. Government. Tennessee Valley Authority: a three-member board, created in 1933, charged with developing the Tennessee River and its tributaries to promote their use for inexpensive electric power, irrigation, flood control, navigation, etc. Since 1933 many projects have been constructed, including numerous dams.

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Lend Lease Act

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The matériel and services supplied by the U.S. to its allies during World War II under an act of Congress (Lend-Lease Act) passed in 1941: such aid was to be repaid in kind after the war. 2. the two-way transfer of ideas, styles, etc.

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Bank Failures

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The closing of an insolvent bank by a federal or state regulator. The comptroller of the currency has the power to close national banks; banking commissioners in the respective states close state-chartered banks.

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Bread Lines

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The poorest condition in which it is acceptable to live.

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Franklin Delano Roosevelt

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Franklin Delano Roosevelt, commonly known by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States.

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Federal Securities Act

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The 1933 Act was the first major federal legislation to regulate the offer and sale of securities. Prior to the Act, regulation of securities was chiefly governed by state laws, commonly referred to as blue sky laws.

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Social Security Act

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A law enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935 to create a system of transfer payments in which younger, working people support older, retired people.

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Poverty

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The state of being extremely poor.

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Securities & Exchange Commission

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A government commission created by Congress to regulate the securities markets and protect investors. In addition to regulation and protection, it also monitors the corporate takeovers in the U.S.